[19] For Guillaume d’Auvergne’s _De faciebus mundi_, a thesaurus of figures, see LM, 70. [20] One of these was called from its first text, the Advent “Let us cast away the works of darkness,” _Abjiciamus_. [21] See above, Chapter I. As in sophistic, encomium was most readily formalized. See Bourgain, 198, on stock panegyrics. [22] PL 156: 22. See Bourgain, 67. Guibert died in 1124. [23] 314, from MS Bib. Nat. fonds latin 9376, folio 89. [24] MS latin 16530, as summarized in LM 295-296. [25] See above, Chapter VII. B. [26] Quoted and discussed in Douais, 65-67. See also LM 131. LM notes (27) that in 1273 half of the principal sermons at Paris were by Dominicans, a large proportion of the remainder being by Franciscans. Humbert de Romans died in 1277. [27] See above, Chapter VI. [28] PL 210: 110-198. For Alain’s _Anticlaudianus_, see above, Chapter VI. D. 1. [29] The phrase _captare benevolentiam_ and the two ways are traditional and oft-repeated. [30] Quatuor sunt regulæ scripturarum quibus quasi quibusdam rotis volvitur omnis sacra pagina: hoc est historia, quæ res gestas loquitur; allegoria, in qua ex alio aliud intelligitur; tropologia, id est moralis locutio, in qua de moribus componendis ordinandisque tractatur; anagoge, spiritualis scilicet intellectus, per quem de summis et cœlestibus tractaturi ad superiora ducimur. Guibert, _Liber quo ordine sermo fieri debeat_, PL 156: 25 D. In the Victorine thesaurus _Sermones centum_ (PL 179) the 39th opens according to this scheme as follows. _Jerusalem civitas sancta_ (Apoc. 21) et _civitas sancti_ (Isa. 52). Secundum historiam civitas est terrena, secundum allegoriam sancta est Ecclesia; secundum tropologiam vita spiritualis, secundum anagogen patria cœlestis. PL 179: 999. See also Hugh of St. Victor’s _De triplici intelligentia sacræ scripturæ_, chapter iii of his _De scripturis et scriptoribus sacris_, PL 175: 11-12. [31] For this and for its relations to symbolistic habit see Perdrizet. For one of the many earlier examples of minuteness see the Advent sermon of Pierre de Celles on Isaiah xvi. 1, “Send the lamb” (_Emitte agnum tuum_), PL 202: 687, which draws significance from every part of the lamb: the four feet, the belly, the back, etc. Alain’s chariot (above, VI. D. 1), remote and artificial to us, was a familiar allegory. Cf. his theological application of _grammatica_ and _rhetorica_ in the verses _De incarnatione Christi_, PL 210: 577, and Bourgain, 256. [32] The following translations from St. Bernard in this chapter attempt to suggest his characteristic rhythms. Though these cannot, of course be imitated exactly, even partial or approximate rendering may make him sound the more like himself. [33] Bourgain, 261. Clerval makes the same criticism (313) of Pierre de Celles. Cruel gives some means of testing it as a generalization by his abundant analyses and digests. [34] “St Bernard lui-même ne marche que par soubresauts.” Bourgain, 261.