Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Medieval
Nevertheless it is also medieval and also a great achievement of poetic
composition. So to consider it is to discern both more of its greatness
and more of medieval habit. In the current medieval lore the main
lack is seen by contrast to be in the larger movement of composition.
Medieval poetic carries us so short a distance toward the _Divina
Commedia_ because it is preoccupied with style. Vergil is currently
cited and quoted, but usually as an exemplar of the three styles.[14]
Medieval romances carried nationalism back to Troy for centuries without
discerning the larger art of the _Æneid_ in composition. For Dante Vergil
was guide not only in a deeper sense, but also in poetic.
This makes clearer why Dante turned his back on current lore. He knew
that lore, not only the elaborate technic of the troubadours, but the
Latin _poetria_. His ignoring of it is tantamount to an arraignment of
its cardinal weakness. It had too little technic for his main poetic
concern, the movement of the whole. It had too much schoolmasterly
fiddling with words to carry orchestration beyond a few conventional
modes. No one can study the history of poetic without finding this
deficiency exceptional only in degree. In kind it is historic. Here,
again and again, appears the gap between pedagogically formulated poetic
and poetry.
In Dante’s style the medieval _poetria_ is not merely outdistanced;
it is repudiated. Matthieu de Vendôme, Geoffroi de Vinsauf, John the
Englishman, might have tolerated figures of wrestlers and dogs in hell,
but hardly broth, cooks, oxen, and swine. They would have challenged
bellows in purgatory; they would have been shocked at rooks and a
fish-pool in heaven. The decorative descriptions of a rhetoricated poetic
seem nowhere else quite so futile as beside Dante’s figures of precise
geography.
As seems beetling Carisenda, when a cloud goes over it so as to
make it hang the other way, so seemed Antæus to me as I stood
watching to see him bend. I. xxxi. 136.[15]
As that stream which has its own path first from Monte Veso
toward the east on the left coast of Apennine, which is called
Acquaqueta above before it descends to its low bed, and at
Forlì has lost that name, reëchoes there over San Benedetto
from the alp, because its fall has a single leap where for
a thousand should be room, so down an abrupt bank we heard
resounding that turbid water. I. xvi. 94.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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