Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Medieval
As a little cloud ascends, so moved each flame along the throat
of the chasm, none showing its theft, each stealing away a
sinner. I. xxvi. 39.
Such narrative progress in detail is integral with the progress of the
total symbolism toward culmination. The famous ascent in Paradise moves
both in and by itself and with the movement of the whole.
Now were my eyes fixed again on the face
of my lady, and my mind with them,
and from every other thought were removed.
And she smiled not; but “Were I to smile”,
she began, “thou wouldst fare
as Semele when she turned to ashes;
For my beauty, which up the stair
of the eternal palace kindleth more and more,
as thou hast seen, the higher it ascends,
Were it not tempered, is so radiant
that thy mortal power at its flash
would be foliage shriveled by thunderbolt.”
III. xxi. 1.
In method, as in degree, this is the individual achievement of a great
poet; in kind the symbolism is characteristically medieval. For in
detail and in total conception the _Divina Commedia_ starts not with the
individual event or person, not with Beatrice Portinari,[21] but with the
idea. Whether Dante recalls a youthful love is a question so subordinate
as to be artistically immaterial. He has not sublimated earthly passion
into heavenly. His conception is heavenly from the beginning, and
progressively throughout. He carries a single, controlling idea forward
imaginatively, stage by stage. Each stage is vivid with intensely
specific realism; but this realism, as that of the carved capitals, is
neither the object nor the occasion; it is only the imaginative means
to impress the idea. The idea is constant; it is beginning and end. The
final vision is not transformation; it is conclusion.
Such grasp of poetic movement doubtless owed much to Vergil. Dante’s
homage to the “courteous soul of Mantua” (I. ii. 58) is more than
conventional tribute.
Art thou then that Vergil and that spring which spreads so
large a stream of speech?... O poet’s honor and light, may the
long zeal avail me and the great love which made me search thy
volume. Thou art my master and my author, thou alone he from
whom I took the fair style that hath brought me honor. I. i.
79.[22]
The larger narrative movement of the _Æneid_, which quite escaped the
average medieval romancer, was not lost on so great a composer. Of all
the ancient art available in his time this alone could give him that
instruction. But if the _Æneid_ inspired him with its poetic scope and
reach, and gave him a sense of the poetic energy of onwardness, it did
not prescribe his method. The _Divina Commedia_ is not an imitation of
the _Æneid_. Its movement is both different and more compelling.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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