Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative worksBaldwin, Charles Sears
History
Medieval rhetoric and poetic to 1400 : $b Interpreted from representative works
Baldwin, Charles Sears
Literature, Medieval -- History and criticism; Poetics -- History -- To 1500; Rhetoric, Medieval
But while the crowd of gods terrestrial was thus disconcerted,
behold a woman of loftiest stature and great assurance, with
countenance of radiant splendor, made her solemn entry.
Helmeted and crowned with royal majesty, she held ready for
defense or for attack weapons that gleamed with the flash of
lightning. Beneath her armor the vesture draped Roman-wise
about her shoulders glittered with the various light of all
_figuræ_, all _schemata_; and she was cinctured with most
precious _colores_ for jewels. The clatter of her weapons as
she moved was as if thunder in the crash of a cloud aflame
broke with leaping echoes. Nay, it seemed as if, like Jove, she
herself could hurl the thunderbolt. For as queen in control
of all things she has shown power to move men whither she
pleased, or whence, to bow them to tears, to incite them to
rage, to transform the mien and feeling as well of cities as of
embattled armies and all the hosts of the peoples.[57]
After this fanfare _Rhetorica_ settles down to drill. Though the
predilection for _declamatio_ transpires now and then even in this,
the compend covers all five parts of the ancient program, and gives
to _inventio_ and _dispositio_ more than twice the space granted to
_elocutio_. There is room not only for character and the feelings (ἤθη
and πάθη), but for _status_ and analysis of types of argument. Most of
the examples are from Cicero. The rhetoric that Martianus preaches is
quite distinct from that which he practises. Its proportions are those of
the better ancient tradition. It does not even dilate on _colores_.[58]
For all the rodomontade with which it is introduced, the ancient program
is still comprehended.
2. Cassiodorus
The survey included by the monk Cassiodorus[59] in his _Institutiones_
is hardly more than an enumeration. The seven arts are not considered in
their larger aspects; and the Trivium is merely sketched. _Rhetorica_,
after being summarily distinguished from _dialectica_ and divided into
its typical considerations and objects, is hastened through the parts of
a speech into the emotions. Then defining it anew and dividing it into
its traditional five parts, Cassiodorus enumerates _status_, reverts to
the parts of a speech, cites Quintilian and Fortunatianus, and classifies
arguments. The meager summary is not even clear. Nevertheless the
influence of Cassiodorus in carrying forward the idea of the seven arts
is attested by frequent reference.[60]
3. Isidore
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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