[57] Sed dum talibus perturbatur multa terrestrium plebs deorum, ecce quædam sublimissimi corporis ac fiduciæ grandioris, uultus etiam decore luculenta femina insignis ingreditur, cui galeatus uertex ac regali caput maiestate sertatum, arma in manibus, quibus se uel communire solita uel aduersarios uulnerare, fulminea quadam coruscatione renidebant. Subarmalis autem uestis illi peplo quodam circa humeros inuoluto Latiariter tegebatur, quod omnium figurarum lumine uariatum cunctorum schemata præferebat, pectus autem exquisitissimis gemmarum coloribus subbalteatum. Hæc cum in progressu arma concusserat, uelut fulgoreæ nubis fragore colliso bombis dissultantibus fracta diceres crepitare tonitrua; denique creditum quod instar Iouis eadem posset etiam fulmina iaculari. Nam ueluti potens rerum omnium regina et impellere quo uellet et unde uellet deducere, et in lacrimas flectere et in rabiem concitare, et in alios etiam uultus sensusque conuertere tam urbes quam exercitus prœliantes, quæcumque poterat agmina populorum. V. 426-27. [58] The sections on figures (523-555) are taken almost verbatim from Aquila Romanus. The preceding sections on _clausula_ are based on Cicero. _Color_ is used also (e.g. 471) as by Seneca Rhetor (ARP 98). The frequent agreement of Fortunatianus with this book is shown by Dick _ad loc._ In comparison with the medieval vogue of the whole work, the influence of this book seems small. John of Salisbury’s _Metalogicus_, for instance, citing Martianus a dozen times, never refers to it. [59] About 490-575. [60] He is used, for instance, by Remi of Auxerre, and appears in the tenth-century library of Chartres (Clerval, 21). For other references see Manitius and Manacorda. The _Institutiones_ are in MGH. [61] About 570-636; Bishop of Seville about 600. _Etymologiæ_ edited by Lindsay, Oxford, 1910. To the usual general books of reference add Labriolle. [62] See below, Chapter VI. D. 2. [63] If Isidore’s concision seems to involve him here in a non-sequitur, he is not the first, nor the last, to force the rhetoric that he heard under the rhetoric that he read. [64] _Rhythmus_ is defined vaguely as follows: “Huic adhæret rythmus, qui non est certo fine moderatus, sed tamen rationabiliter ordinatis pedibus currit; qui Latine nihil aliud quam numerus dicitur.” I. xxxix. [65] See the indexes to ARP and to this volume. [66] For divisions of _philosophia_, see below, Chapter VI. CHAPTER IV POETIC, OLD AND NEW (FIFTH TO SEVENTH CENTURIES) REFERENCES AND ABBREVIATIONS AH Dreves and Blume, _Analecta hymnica medii ævi_, Leipzig, vol. 1, 1886; vol. 53, 1911. ARP Baldwin (C. S.), _Ancient rhetoric and poetic_, New York, 1924. Britt Britt (the Rev. Matthew, O. S. B.), _The hymns of the Breviary and Missal_, New York, 1922. CSE _Corpus scriptorum ecclesiasticorum latinorum_, Vienna.