Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline HerschelHerschel, John, Mrs.
History
Memoir and Correspondence of Caroline Herschel
Herschel, John, Mrs.
Herschel, Caroline Lucretia, 1750-1848
The ten years from 1788 to 1798, although a blank as regards her
personal history—the Recollections cease with her brother’s
marriage—were among the busiest of her life, and in the year last
mentioned the Royal Society published two of her works, namely, “A
Catalogue of 860 Stars observed by Flamsteed, but not included in the
British Catalogue,” and “A General Index of Reference to every
Observation of every Star in the above-mentioned British Catalogue.” It
is in reference to these that she wrote the very interesting letter to
the Astronomer Royal, which is given among others, in its place, in the
Journal. But another work, which was not published, was the most
valuable, as it was the most laborious of all her undertakings. This was
“The Reduction and Arrangement in the form of a Catalogue, in Zones, of
all the Star-clusters and Nebulæ observed by Sir W. Herschel in his
Sweeps.” It supplied the needful data for Sir John Herschel when he
undertook the review of the nebulæ of the northern hemisphere; and it
was for this that the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society was
voted to her in 1828, followed by the extraordinary distinction of an
Honorary Membership. This Catalogue was not completed until after her
return to Hanover, and Sir David Brewster wrote of it as “a work of
immense labour,” and “an extraordinary monument of the unextinguished
ardour of a lady of seventy-five in the cause of abstract science.”
[Sidenote: _Her Sweepings._]
Although the Recollections cease in 1788, there are some volumes
recording the nature and results of her nightly “sweepings,” which Miss
Herschel kept very regularly, and, as an unique example of a lady’s
journal, a few of the entries may be of interest.
1788. _Sept. 9th._—My brother showed me the five satellites of Saturn.
He made me take notice of a star, which made a double star last night
with the fifth satellite.
* * * * *
_Dec. 8th._—I swept for a comet which was announced in the papers as
having been discovered the 26th of November by Mr. Messier. According to
the observations of that date, it should have been within a few degrees
of the Pole star (by my brother’s calculation), but though I swept with
great attention a space of at least ten or twelve degrees all around the
pole over repeatedly, I could find nothing.
Another night of unavailing search, with thermometer 20°.[31]
1790. _Jan. 7th._—I have swept all this evening for my [third] comet in
vain. My brother showed me the G. Sidus in the twenty-foot telescope,
and I saw both its satellites very plainly.
1791. _Aug. 2nd._—I began to sweep at 1.30, from the horizon through the
Pleiades up as high as the head of Medusa. Left off with β Tauri.
Afterwards I continued with horizontal sweeps till daylight was too
strong for seeing any longer.
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