=531.= The logic of the subject [algebra], which, both educationally and scientifically speaking, is the most important part of it, is wholly neglected. The whole training consists in example grinding. What should have been merely the help to attain the end has become the end itself. The result is that algebra, as we teach it, is neither an art nor a science, but an ill-digested farrago of rules, whose object is the solution of examination problems.... The result, so far as problems worked in examinations go, is, after all, very miserable, as the reiterated complaints of examiners show; the effect on the examinee is a well-known enervation of mind, an almost incurable superficiality, which might be called Problematic Paralysis--a disease which unfits a man to follow an argument extending beyond the length of a printed octavo page. --CHRYSTAL, GEORGE. _Presidential Address British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1885; Nature, Vol. 32, pp. 447-448._ =532.= It is a serious question whether America, following England’s lead, has not gone into problem-solving too extensively. Certain it is that we are producing no text-books in which the theory is presented in the delightful style which characterizes many of the French works ..., or those of the recent Italian school, or, indeed, those of the continental writers in general. --SMITH, D. E. _The Teaching of Elementary Mathematics (New York, 1902), p. 219._ =533.= The problem for a writer of a text-book has come now, in fact, to be this--to write a book so neatly trimmed and compacted that no coach, on looking through it, can mark a single passage which the candidate for a minimum pass can safely omit. Some of these text-books I have seen, where the scientific matter has been, like the lady’s waist in the nursery song, compressed “so gent and sma’,” that the thickness barely, if at all, surpasses what is devoted to the publisher’s advertisements. We shall return, I verily believe, to the Compendium of Martianus Capella. The result of all this is that science, in the hands of specialists, soars higher and higher into the light of day, while educators and the educated are left more and more to wander in primeval darkness.--CHRYSTAL, GEORGE. _Presidential Address British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1885; Nature, Vol. 32, p. 448._ =534.= Some persons have contended that mathematics ought to be taught by making the illustrations obvious to the senses. Nothing can be more absurd or injurious: it ought to be our never-ceasing effort to make people think, not feel.--COLERIDGE, S. T.