“There was also, in the height of the said Wall, from pillar
to pillar, the whole story and Passion of our Lord wrought in
stone, most curiously and most finely gilt. And also above
the said Story and Passion, was all the whole story and the
Pictures of the twelve Apostles,” &c. “And on the height above
all the foresaid story from Pillar to Pillar, was set up a
border very artificially wrought in stone with mervellous
fine colours, very curiously and excellent finely gilt, with
branches and flowers,” &c. “And also above the height of all,
upon the Wall, did stand the goodliest and most famous Rood
that was in all this land, with the Picture of _Mary_ on the
one side of our Saviour and the Picture of _John_ on the other,
with two splendent and glistering Arch-angels, one on the one
side of _Mary_ and the other on the other side of _John_,” &c.
“Also on the backside of the said Rood before the quire door
there was a loft,” &c. (pp. 56-57).
This arrangement is scarcely mentioned by writers on foreign
rood-screens, though Pugin gives a hint of it in his description of the
Domkirche—the Cathedral—of Lübeck, which has a central altar and side
doors, whereof he has given a plate, and two bays to the westward of this
screen there is a rood-beam supporting the rood. There is an iron screen
also, with central altar and side doors, in Freiburg, Switzerland.
In England this double screen seems to have been most characteristic
of Cistercian churches. Thus, at _Louth Park Abbey_ there was a stone
screen, called the pulpitum, at the west end of the choir, extending
across the nave, whereon stood the organs, &c. In the middle of the
screen was the choir door or lower entrance (_inferior introitus_). The
bay west of the pulpitum (which was sometimes of considerable thickness,
with an altar on either side the quire door, as at Jervaulx) was open,
and formed the retro-quire, where those who were extra-chorum for a time
(_e.g._ the _minuti_, _i.e._ those who had been let blood), and such of
the infirm as could attend, might hear the services.
West of this bay was a second screen pierced with doors at either end,
and having an altar in the middle against its western side. On top of
this screen was the rood-loft, with the great rood and its attendant
images. A bay westward was a low fence screen (the wainscot screen
alluded to in the above quotation from The Rites of Durham), and the
remainder of the nave was fitted up for the conversi or working brothers.
At Fountains, J. T. Micklethwaite noted the same arrangement. At Bolton,
in Yorkshire, where the nave is in actual use as the parish church, the
altar stands precisely in the position of this Jesus or parish altar;
the piscina may be seen close at hand in the south wall, and the Late
Perpendicular oak screen, once in front of the altar, is now at the west
end.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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