_ 54 Sh_ikastih—broken—a cursive or half-shorthand script, is thought to have been invented at the close of the seventeenth century, in Hirát. 55 Gawhar _Kh_ánum’s marriage to Bahá’u’lláh took place in Ba_gh_dád. She remained with her brother in that city when Bahá’u’lláh left ‘Iráq and later proceeded to Akká at His instruction. While traveling from Ba_gh_dád to Mosul, she was made captive together with other believers, among them Zaynu’l-Muqarrabín. Bahá’u’lláh makes reference to this captivity in His Tablet to the _Sh_áh. Gawhar _Kh_ánum broke the Covenant of Bahá’u’lláh following His passing. She passed away during the ministry of ‘Abdu’l-Bahá. 56 Qur’án 76:9. 57 A famed calligrapher who lived and wrote at the court of _Sh_áh-‘Abbás, the Safaví (1557–1628). 58 Mi_sh_k is musk. Mi_sh_kín-Qalam means either musk-scented pen, or jet black pen. 59 Qur’án 61:4. 60 In some of this artist’s productions, the writing was so arranged as to take the forms of birds. When E. G. Browne was in Persia, he was told that “these would be eagerly sought after by Persians of all classes, were it not that they all bore, as the signature of the penman, the following verse: Dar díyár-i-_kh_aṭṭ _sh_áh-i-sáhib-‘álam Bandiy-i-báb-i-Bahá, Mi_sh_kín-Qalam.” Cf. A Year Amongst the Persians, p. 227. The verse might be translated: Lord of calligraphy, my banner goes before; But to Bahá’u’lláh, a bondsman at the door, Naught else I am, Mi_sh_kín-Qalam. Note the wordplay on door, which makes possible the inclusion of the Báb’s name as well as Bahá’u’lláh’s. 61 Ustád is a master, one who is skilled in an art or profession. 62 Qur’án 6:127. 63 Qur’án 3:28. 64 Qur’án 2:266, 267. 65 For some of these Arabic phrases, see Qur’án 3:170; 4:12, 175; 5:16, 17; 11:100, 101; 28:79; 41:35. 66 The Ba_gh_dád period in Bahá’í history was from April 8, 1853 to May 3, 1863. According to various estimates the túman of the day ranged from $1.08 to $1.60. 67 This was in accord with the law of Islám. Cf. Qur’án 4:12. 68 Qur’án 7:171. 69 For the tribulations following Bahá’u’lláh’s departure see God Passes By, chapter XV. 70 Persia’s Hercules. 71 Qur’án 89:27. 72 Qur’án 4:71. 73 Cf. God Passes By, p. 180. 74 Qur’án 89:27–30. 75 The Afnán are the Báb’s kindred. 76 Qur’án 7:171. 77 Qur’án 39:69. 78 The Promised One of the Báb. 79 Islámic symbolism: Satan is the “stoned one”; with shooting stars for stones, the angels repel demons from Paradise. Qur’án 3:31, 15:17, 34; 37:7; 67:5. 80 Qur’án 2:17. 81 Qur’án 4:71. 82 The Prime Minister. 83 Qum is the shrine city of Fátimih, “the Immaculate.” Sister of the eighth Imám, Imám Riḍá, she was buried here in 816 A.D.