Weights Quintal = 107·7 lb. 100 Livre = 7554 grains. 16 Once = 472·1 „ 24 Deniers (dwt.) = 3 to a ‘gros.’ 24 Grains. _Remarks on the French Measures of Capacity_ The fault of the Paris system was that there was little or no concordance between the different series. In length, 6 aunes approximately coincided with 22 feet or 3-2/3 toises. The measures of length had no concordance with those of capacity, and in the latter, wine-measure and corn-measure had lost their original concordance when they were brought from the south. They lost it by two faults: 1. By making the quartaut of 9 veltes instead of 8; 2. By dividing the setier into 12 boisseaux instead of 8. Had this octonary division been substituted, it would have been quite satisfactory, and concordance with the linear standard would have been obtained. A quartaut of 8 veltes, 8 × 1·76 = 14·08 gallons, would have been in water-wheat ratio with the corn half-setier = 17·16 gallons: 14·08 × 1·22 = 17·17. And the setier divided into 8 parts would have given a larger boisseau = 4·29 gallons (a peck) corresponding in water-wheat ratio to the double velte of 4 gallons and measuring approximately 1000 cubic pouces (983 exactly); its side, when of cubic form, being almost 10 pouces, and thus affording an easily applied linear measurement as a check on the variation of the boisseau. The standard of this measure was most variable from want of such a check. Really, as 1/12 Setier it should have been 655·4 cubic pouces, but it varied between 644 and 677, its reputed capacity being 640 cubic pouces. It would have been easy to have fixed the new boisseau at 1000 cubic pouces, raising the variable standard of the Setier to 8000 cubic pouces = 34·9 gallons instead of its reputed standard = 34·32 gallons. By these slight alterations perfect accordance with the southern measures would also have been obtained. Leaving the measures of length and surface which were sufficiently concordant, the measures of capacity would have been: Wine-measure Corn-measure Muid = 56·32 gallons. Muid = 34·9 bushels = 4·36 qrs. 1/2 „ = 28·16 „ (8) Setier = 34·9 gallons Quartaut = 14·08 „ = 8000 c.p. (8) Boisseau = 4·36 gallons (8) Velte = 1·76 „ = 1000 c.p. (8) Pinte = 1·76 pint. 16 Litron = 2·18 pint. A water-wheat ratio of 1 : 1·24 would have been preserved between the two series, and their connection with linear measures through a cubic boisseau of 10 pouces each side (or a cylindrical one of 10 pouces diameter and 11·4 pouces in height) would have been most advantageous.