Industrial arts -- Biography; Inventors -- Biography
The new Walter Press does not in the least resemble any existing
printing machine, unless it be the calendering machine which furnished
its type. At the printing end it looks like a collection of small
cylinders or rollers. The first thing to be observed is the continuous
roll of paper four miles long, tightly mounted on a reel, which, when
the machine is going, flies round with immense rapidity. The web of
paper taken up by the first roller is led into a series of small hollow
cylinders filled with water and steam, perforated with thousands of
minute holes. By this means the paper is properly damped before the
process of printing is begun. The roll of paper, drawn by nipping
rollers, next flies through to the cylinder on which the stereotype
plates are fixed, so as to form the four pages of the ordinary sheet of
The Times; there it is lightly pressed against the type and printed;
then it passes downwards round another cylinder covered with cloth, and
reversed; next to the second type-covered roller, where it takes the
impression exactly on the other side of the remaining four pages. It
next reaches one of the most ingenious contrivances of the
invention--the cutting machinery, by means of which the paper is
divided by a quick knife into the 5500 sheets of which the entire web
consists. The tapes hurry the now completely printed newspaper up an
inclined plane, from which the divided sheets are showered down in a
continuous stream by an oscillating frame, where they are met by two
boys, who adjust the sheets as they fall. The reel of four miles long
is printed and divided into newspapers complete in about twenty-five
minutes.
The machine is almost entirely self-acting, from the pumping-up of the
ink into the ink-box out of the cistern below stairs, to the
registering of the numbers as they are printed in the manager's room
above. It is always difficult to describe a machine in words. Nothing
but a series of sections and diagrams could give the reader an idea of
the construction of this unrivalled instrument. The time to see it and
wonder at it is when the press is in full work. And even then you can
see but little of its construction, for the cylinders are wheeling
round with immense velocity. The rapidity with which the machine works
may be inferred from the fact that the printing cylinders (round which
the stereotyped plates are fixed), while making their impressions on
the paper, travel at the surprising speed of 200 revolutions a minute,
or at the rate of about nine miles an hour!
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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