The size of the brain in the existing races of _Homo sapiens_ varies from 950 c.cm. to 2020 c.cm.(63) Thus in respect to the volume of cerebral matter the brain of the Neanderthal man is surely human, but in form the brain lacks the proportions characteristic of the superior organization of the brain in recent man. In another important respect it is human: in the larger size of the left hemisphere, indicating the development of the use of the right hand. In its general form the brain is more like that of the anthropoid apes in the relatively smaller size of the frontal portion, in the simplicity and length of the convolutions, and in the position and direction of the great fissures at the side known as the 'fissures of Sylvius' and of 'Rolando.' As studied by Boule and Anthony(64) there are many primitive characteristics in the brain of the Neanderthals. The front of the forebrain, the so-called prefrontal area, which is the seat of the higher faculties, is not fully developed but has a protuberance as in the brain of the anthropoids. The left frontal lobe in particular, which is associated with the power of speech, is not much developed in the lower part, so that a limited development of the faculty of speech is inferred. The lateral fissure of Sylvius is relatively wide and open, and this and other features suggest the brain of the anthropoid. The brain of the skull of La Quina, which is believed to be that of a female, also shows many primitive features.(65) The absolute cubic capacity of the brain is less significant of intelligence than the relative development of those portions of the brain which are concerned in the higher processes of the mind. The stature of the various examples of the Neanderthal race is estimated somewhat differently by Boule and by Manouvrier, and also varies with the sex: Neanderthal (Boule) 1.55 m. 5 ft. 1 in. " (Manouvrier) 1.632 m. 5 ft. 4-1/5 in. La Chapelle (Boule) 1.57 m. 5 ft. 1-4/5 in. " (Manouvrier) 1.611 m. 5 ft. 3-2/5 in. Spy (Manouvrier) 1.633 m. 5 ft. 4-3/10 in. La Ferrassie I (Manouvrier) 1.657 m. 5 ft. 5-1/5 in. Average of Neanderthals supposed male 1.633 m. 5 ft. 4-3/10 in. La Ferrassie II (female) 1.482 m. 4 ft. 10-3/10 in.