2. "These considerations clearly prove that of the _two primary causes of civilization, the fertility of the soil_ is the one which in the ancient world exercised most influence. But in European civilization, _the other great cause_, that is to say, _climate_, has been the most powerful. "Owing to circumstances which I shall presently state, the only progress which is really effective depends, not upon the bounty of nature, but upon the _energy of man_. Therefore it is, that the civilization of Europe, which, in its earliest stage, was governed by _climate_, has shown a capacity of development unknown to those civilizations which were originated by _soil_."--Buckle, "History of Civilization," vol. 1, p. 36--37.* * I wish to state here that I had never read the above from Buckle, nor had I seen anywhere a statement so like my own, at the time mine was written. I read this for the first time while reading the proofs of this chapter. So much for what may appear plagiarism.--H. H. Q, Appendix B. 1. "Napoleon himself was indifferent to Christianity, but he saw that the clergy were friends of despotism."--Buckle. 2. "Thus it is that a careful survey of history will prove that the Reformation made the most progress not in those countries where the people were most enlightened, but in those countries where, from political causes, the clergy were least able to withstand the people."--Buckle. 3. "Christian civilization in the twentieth century of its existence, degrades its women to labor fit only for beasts of the field; harnessing them with dogs to do the most menial labors; it drags them below even this, holding their womanhood up to sale, _putting both Church and State sanction_ upon their moral death; which, in some places, as in the city of Berlin, so far recognizes the sale of women's bodies for the vilest purposes _as part of the Christian religion, that license for this life is refused until they have partaken of the Sacrament_; and demands of the '10,000 licensed women of the town' of the city of Hamburg, certificates showing that they regularly attend church and also partake of the sacrament."--Gage. Even a lower depth than this is reached in England, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany, and nearly every country of Europe, says the same writer, "a system of morality which declares 'the necessity' of woman's degradation, and annually sends tens of thousands down to a death from which society grants no resurrection."--Gage. Appendix C. 1. "Sappho flourished b. c. 600, and a little later; and so highly did Plato value her intellectual, as well as her imaginative endowments, that he assigned her the honors of sage as well as poet; and familiarly entitled her the 'tenth muse'"--Buckle, 2. "Wilkinson says among _no_ ancient people had women such influence and liberty as among the ancient Egyptians."--Buckle.