Mendel's principles of heredity: A defenceMendel, Gregor
Science
Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence
Mendel, Gregor
Heredity; Hybridization; Mendel's law; Weldon, Walter Frank Raphael. Mendel's laws of alternative inheritance in peas
On this description alone it would be very likely that _Graue Riesen_
should fall into the _round_ class, and as such it behaves in its
crosses, _being dominant over wrinkled_ (see Nos. 3 and 6, below). I
can see that in this case Professor Weldon has been partly misled by
expressions of Tschermak’s, but the facts of the second generation
should have aroused suspicion. Neither author notices that as all
five varieties crossed by Tschermak with _Graue Riesen_ were _round_,
the possibilities are not exhausted. Had Tschermak tried a really
wrinkled _sativum_ with _Graue Riesen_ he would have seen this obvious
explanation.
As some of my own few observations of first-crosses bear on this point
I may quote them, imperfect though they are.
I grew the purple-flowered sugar-pea “_Pois sans parchemin géant à très
large cosse_,” a soft-podded “_mange-tout_” pea, flowers and seed-coats
coloured, from Vilmorin’s, probably identical with _Graue Riesen_.
1. One flower of this variety fertilised with _Pois très nain de
Bretagne_ (very small seed; yellow cotyledons; very round) gave
seven seeds indistinguishable (in their coats) from those of the
mother, save for a doubtful increase in purple pigmentation of coats.
2. Fertilised by _Laxton’s Alpha_ (green; wrinkled; coats
transparent), two flowers gave 11 seeds exactly as above, the purple
being in this case clearly increased.
In the following the purple sugar-pea was _father_.
3. _Laxton’s Alpha_ (green; wrinkled; coats transparent) fertilised
by the purple sugar-pea gave one pod of four seeds with yellow
cotyledons and _round_ form.
4. _Fillbasket_ (green; smooth but squared; coats green) fertilised
by the _purple_ sugar-pea gave one pod with six seeds, yellow
cotyledons[97]; _Fillbasket_ size and shape; but the normally green
coat yellowed near _the hilum_ by xenia.
[97] The colour is the peculiarly deep yellow of the “grey”
_mange-tout_.
5. _Express_ (“blue”-green cotyledons and transparent skins; round)
fertilised with _purple sugar-pea_ gave one pod with four seeds, yellow
cotyledons, shape round, much as in _Fillbasket_.
6. _British Queen_ (yellow cotyledons, wrinkled, white coats) ♀ ×
purple sugar-pea gave two pods with seven seeds, cotyledons yellow,
coats _tinged greenish_ (xenia?), all _round_.
So much for the “_Purple_” sugar-pea.
I got similar results with _Mange-tout Debarbieux_. This is a
soft-podded _Mange-tout_ or sugar-pea, with white flowers, large,
flattish, smooth seeds, scarcely dimpled; yellow cotyledons.
7. _Debarbieux_ fertilised by _Serpette nain blanc_ (yellow cotyledons;
wrinkled; white skin; dwarf) gave one pod with six seeds, size and
shape of _Debarbieux_, with slight dimpling.
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