Mendel's principles of heredity: A defenceMendel, Gregor
Science
Mendel's principles of heredity: A defence
Mendel, Gregor
Heredity; Hybridization; Mendel's law; Weldon, Walter Frank Raphael. Mendel's laws of alternative inheritance in peas
If we compare the individual characters of the hybrids with the
corresponding characters of the two parent types, we find that they
sometimes present intermediate structures, but are sometimes so near
to one of the parent characters that the [corresponding] character
of the other has receded considerably or almost evades observation.
So, for instance, we see in one of the two forms of _H. Auricula_ ♀ x
_H. aurantiacum_ ♂ pure yellow disc-florets; only the petals of the
marginal florets are on the outside tinged with red to a scarcely
noticeable degree: in the other on the contrary the colour of these
florets comes very near to _H. aurantiacum_, only in the centre of the
disc the orange red passes into a deep golden-yellow. This difference
is noteworthy, for the flower-colour in _Hieracium_ has the value of a
constant character. Other similar cases are to be found in the leaves,
the peduncles, &c.
If the hybrids are compared with the parent types as regards the sum
total of their characters, then the two forms of _H. præaltum_ ♀ x _H.
aurantiacum_ ♂ constitute approximately intermediate forms which do
not agree in certain characters. On the contrary in _H. Auricula_ ♀
x _H. aurantiacum_ ♂ and in _H. Auricula_ ♀ x _H. pratense_ ♂ we see
the forms widely divergent, so that one of them is nearer to the one
and the other to the other parental type, while in the case of the
last-named hybrid there is still a third which is almost precisely
intermediate between them.
The conviction is then forced on us that we have here only single terms
in an unknown series which may be formed by the direct action of the
pollen of one species on the egg-cells of another.
2. With a single exception the hybrids in question form seeds capable
of germination. _H. echioides_ ♀ x _H. aurantiacum_ ♂ may be described
as fully fertile; _H. præaltum_ ♀ x _H. flagellare_ ♂ as fertile; _H.
præaltum_ ♀ x _H. aurantiacum_ ♂ and _H. Auricula_ ♀ x _H. pratense_ ♂
as partially fertile; _H. Auricula_ ♀ x _H. Pilosella_ ♂ as slightly
fertile, and _H. Auricula_ ♀ x _H. aurantiacum_ ♂ as unfertile. Of the
two forms of the last named hybrid, the red-flowered one was completely
sterile, but from the yellow-flowered one a single well-formed seed
was obtained. Moreover it must not pass unmentioned that among the
seedlings of the partially fertile hybrid _H. præaltum_ ♀ x _H.
aurantiacum_ ♂ there was one plant which possessed full fertility.
[3.] As yet the offspring produced by self-fertilisation of the hybrids
have not varied, but agree in their characters both with each other and
with the hybrid plant from which they were derived.
From _H. præaltum_ ♀ x _H. flagellare_ ♂ two generations have flowered;
from _H. echioides_ ♀ x _H. aurantiacum_ ♂, _H. præaltum_ ♀ x _H.
aurantiacum_ ♂, _H. Auricula_ ♀ x _H. Pilosella_ ♂ one generation in
each case has flowered.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account