Mental diseases: a public health problemMay, James Vance
Science
Mental diseases: a public health problem
May, James Vance
Mental health services; Psychology, Pathological
As an evidence of the influence of the endocrine glands on psychical
functions, Falta[110] refers to "the alteration in character that is
almost always associated with the development of Basedow's disease;
to the psychical irritability, the inclination to irascibility, the
manic-euphoristic attitude of patients with Basedow's disease; to the
apathy and lack of interest of the myxedematous; to the characteristic
quiet mental attitude in hypophysial dystrophy, and the feeling of
mental want of strength in those suffering with Addison's disease;
to the depressive attitude of the tetany patient, and finally to the
profound influence that the ripening of the sexual glands at the time
of puberty or the loss of function of the sexual glands in castrates
exercises on the psyche." Going into this subject more in detail Falta
gives the following mental symptoms as associated with Basedow's
disease: abnormal irritability, "immotivated" gaiety, hasty speech,
rapid flow of thoughts, a suggestion of flight of ideas, changeable
moods and terrifying dreams. He also finds an alteration in the
personality as shown by suspiciousness, capriciousness, irritability
and either euphoric or depressed tendencies. Möbius compares this with
a condition of mild intoxication associated with maniacal periods
alternating with depression. Occasional attacks of delirium with
confusion and hallucinations terminating in coma have been described.
Sattler, who has analyzed 150 of these cases as reported in current
literature, classifies over seventy as cases of manic-depressive
insanity. Boinet, Parhan and others have shown that depression with
suicidal inclinations may follow the ingestion of large amounts
of thyroidin. Conditions of excitement have also been reported in
thyroidism, and, according to Falta, are not uncommon. Brunet has
expressed the opinion that in such cases Basedow's disease acts only as
a precipitating factor in an individual predisposed to a psychosis.
The English Myxedema Commission found the apathy characteristic of that
disease present in all but three of 109 cases. This condition develops
early and may manifest itself in the form of a mild mental dulness.
Intellectual activities are often markedly diminished and there is a
slow, monotonous form of speech. Deterioration may be well developed
and memory seriously impaired. The commission in its investigations
found illusions in eighteen cases, hallucinations in sixteen and
psychoses in sixteen. These took the form usually of a depression
with occasional excitements. The symptoms, in some cases at least,
disappeared after thyroid treatment was instituted.
The psychic changes in cretinism have been made the subject of
considerable study. The usual mental state is, of course, one of
feeblemindedness. Perception has been shown to be disturbed, memory is
impaired and there is a marked emotional deterioration and instability.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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