Mental Evolution in Man: Origin of Human FacultyRomanes, George John
Science
Mental Evolution in Man: Origin of Human Faculty
Romanes, George John
Evolution; Psychology, Comparative
Huber says that when one wasp finds a store of honey, “it returns
to the nest and brings off in a short time a hundred other wasps;”
and this statement is confirmed by Dujardin. Again, the very able
observer, F. Müller, writes, in one of his letters to Mr. Darwin, that
he observed a queen bee depositing her eggs in a nest of 47 cells. In
the process she overlooked four of the cells, and when she had filled
the other 43, supposing her work to have been completed, prepared to
retire. “But as she had overlooked the four cells of the new comb, the
workers ran impatiently from this part to the queen, pushing her in an
odd manner with their heads, as they did also the other workers they
met with. In consequence, the queen began again to go round on the two
older combs; but, as she did not find any cell wanting an egg, she
tried to descend, yet everywhere she was pushed back by the workers.
This contest lasted rather a long while, till the queen escaped without
having completed her work. Thus the workers knew how to advise the
queen that something was yet to be done; but they knew not how to show
her where it had to be done.”
[Illustration]
According to De Fravière, Landois, and some other observers, bees
have a number of different notes, or tones, whereby they communicate
information to one another;[59] but there seems to be little doubt
that the means chiefly employed are gestures made with the antennæ.
For example, Huber divided a hive into two chambers by means of a
partition: great excitement prevailed in the half of the hive deprived
of the queen, and the bees set to work to build royal cells for the
creation of a new queen. Huber then divided a hive in exactly the same
manner, with the difference only that the screen, or partition, was
made of trellis work, through the openings of which the bees on either
side could pass their antennæ. Under these circumstances the bees in
the queenless half of the hive exhibited no disturbance, nor did they
construct any royal cells: the bees in the other, or separated, half of
the hive were able to inform them that the queen was safe.
Turning now to ants, the extent to which the power of communicating by
signs is here carried cannot fail to strike us as highly remarkable.
In my work on _Animal Intelligence_ I have given many observations by
different naturalists on this head, the general results of which I will
here render.
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