FOOTNOTES [1] There are innumerable English synonyms for psychasthenic, mostly slang. A few are unbalanced, half-crazy, half-cracked, half-dotty, peculiar, queer, etc. But none of these expresses the exact meaning of the Greek; indeed, it is impossible absolutely to escape from medical jargon, except by a phrase. [2] Probably it was the clinical type with stupor, in which grief and the sense of sin become so overwhelming that the patient can hardly move. [3] According to Professor J. J. Welsh many ointments in use at the time contained mercury. [4] In cases resembling nymphomania that occur after childbirth we call it puerperal insanity. [5] The title was only recent. Formerly he had been called “His Grace.” [6] See how neurotic he was at the time! [7] Please note that “sex” does _not_ mean “sensuality.” [8] These postulates are: (_a_) Her supposed deformity must have been such as would allow her terrible father and her anxious mother to accept her as a daughter, although they both desperately longed for a son and heir. (_b_) It must have been such as would have been known to herself. (_c_) It could not have interfered with the ordinary physiological processes of her life. (_d_) It must have been such as would not interfere with her living in at least tolerable health to the age of sixty-nine. [9] If it is a science. [10] Please do not look upon this as a diagnosis; all we say positively is that the spirochæte must have affected his mind. [11] _British Medical Journal_, 1910. [12] Some say sixteen. [13] Much the same libels on Catherine’s physical condition were spread about her as had already been said about Elizabeth. [14] Macaulay makes such fun of the poor doctors, with many sensational adjectives, but I shall not reprint it here. [15] A Freudian would say that Frederick’s dirtiness simply represented an unconscious revolt against the tyranny of his father. [16] Probably he was some crazy fellow of the minor clergy. The whole world seems to have gone mad at this time; it only shows us what the Crusades really meant to Europe. [17] _Plague and Pestilence in Art and Literature_, by Raymond Crawfurd. [18] Friedlander, taking his account of it entirely from Galen, considered it to have been “petechial typhus,” or smallpox. The sanitary condition of Rome must have been perfectly frightful, and to read Friedlander makes one shudder. [19] Probably Mus Rattus, the black rat, at that time. Mus decumanus, the brown rat, does not seem to have begun to conquer the black rat till the eighteenth century. [20] _Epidemics of the Middle Ages._ [21] Of course this mainly refers to the poor. It is said that the serfs deforested Europe in order that their betters might have a weekly hot bath. [22] The question of the first appearance of syphilis in Europe appears to have been settled by an article in the _St. Louis Urological and Cutaneous Review_ for 1924.