Meteorology: The Science of the AtmosphereTalman, Charles Fitzhugh
Science
Meteorology: The Science of the Atmosphere
Talman, Charles Fitzhugh
Meteorology
In this country the publication of weather maps has been carried out on
a much more liberal scale than elsewhere. Instead of issuing maps at
only one or a few places, as is the custom in other parts of the world,
it has been the policy of the American service to publish them at
populous centers all over the country. In some cases they are printed
or manifolded at the local Weather Bureau station, and distributed
by mail and messenger; in other cases they are published in the
newspapers. The daily circulation of the maps has thus, at times, run
up into the millions. This comprehensive duplication of the chart is
made possible by special arrangements with the telegraph companies. The
reports of observations are, to a large extent, sent over circuits,
along which the telegraph offices, besides forwarding the local report,
copy the reports from other stations as they pass over the wires.
Certain stations, forming connecting links between the circuits, effect
the transfer of collected reports from one circuit to another; so
that, in a very short time, upward of 150 stations receive the reports
from a large number of other stations. The maps issued at stations or
published in newspapers are generally rather crude, though they answer
their purpose; but the large lithographed map issued every day at the
Central Office, in Washington, is much the most artistic production of
its kind published anywhere in the world.
[Illustration: ENLARGED SECTION OF THE STEREOSCOPIC WIND MAP]
Large weather maps, drawn with colored chalk on a ground-glass base,
may be seen at certain produce exchanges and railway stations, on
the “boardwalk” at Atlantic City, and in the Capitol at Washington.
Motion-picture weather maps, made from series of maps showing
conditions at successive intervals of time, have been prepared
experimentally in this country and abroad.
The reports used in the construction of weather maps are telegraphed
from the stations in cipher, in order to save expense. In Europe groups
of figures are used for this purpose, but the United States Weather
Bureau makes use of a word code, which offers the advantage over a
figure code that, as a rule, mistakes in the telegrams can easily be
detected by anybody familiar with the code. The American weather code
is something of a literary curiosity. In each of the many thousand
words it contains there are certain significant letters, and these must
fall in certain sequences in order to convey the information required.
The English language has been ransacked--and somewhat stretched--to
secure the necessary words. Observers consult the code book in
enciphering their reports, but translating is easily done without the
book by those who have mastered the relatively simple principles on
which the code is constructed.
[Illustration: SIMPLIFIED WEATHER MAP FOR JAN. 25, 1905, 8 A. M.,
EASTERN STANDARD TIME]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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