Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
These jar designs were scattered on a white field. This cloak had two
red stripes along its front border, passing over white bands grouped
two by two” (see the textile in Fig. 18, _s_; p. 118). Many of
the details in patterns such as the above were added in embroidery, at
which the Mexican women were equally expert. Good polychrome weaving
was performed by the Otomi in maguey fibre, and the Tarascan and
Huaxtec ranked high as textile artists. The Tarascan women were said
to prepare food for a couple of days before starting to weave, so that
they might not be disturbed at their task. Weaving and embroidery were
under the especial patronage of the goddess Xochiquetzal. Mat- and
basket-making was also an important industry, though of these arts also
specimens are lacking. However, the use of mat seats was a privilege
of rank, though perhaps less so than in the Maya region, and the
mat-makers paid reverence to a special patron-deity, Napatecutli, one
of the Tlaloque. The consideration of Mexican pottery will be deferred
until the architectural remains have been discussed.
[Illustration: FIG. 28.--Designs from pottery
stamps; Valley of Mexico.
(_British Museum_)]
A certain amount of information concerning the dress and ornaments of
the Mexicans can be gleaned from the foregoing pages, and repetition
will be unnecessary. The ordinary dress for a man, worn by nearly all
the peoples mentioned in this book, was a girdle, maxtlatl, the ends
of which hung down before and behind, and a shoulder-cloak (e.g. Fig.
23; p. 143). The woman’s dress, equally universal, consisted of a
skirt and a tunic, usually without sleeves (e.g. Fig. 27, _b_;
p. 148). The original costume of the Aztec was of skins, but after
their settlement in the valley, textiles were adopted, first of nequen
fibre, later of maguey and cotton. The last-named material however
was reserved for the upper classes, the women of which added to their
attire by wearing additional tunics and skirts. Exceptions to the
above rule were constituted by the Tarascans, among whom the men,
as among the Huaxtec, wore no maxtlatl, and the Chichimec who wore
skins. Skin-clothing prevailed to some extent among the Tarascans
also, though they were good weavers, and in this district the young
wore shorter skirts than their elders. The following garments were
considered more or less characteristic of certain peoples; white cloaks
with figures of scorpions in blue of the Toltec; striped textiles of
the Otomi; duck-feather cloaks of the Tarascans; net cloaks of the
Totonac; white cotton mantles of the Zapotec, and polychrome textiles
especially representing interlaced eddies (as the shield in Fig. 18,
_p_; p. 118) of the Huaxtec. Body-paint was employed by all the
tribes, especially on ceremonial occasions; Mexican women were in the
habit of painting their faces yellow and impressing patterns in red
upon their cheeks with pottery stamps (Fig. 28). Figures of monkeys
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