Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish AmericaJoyce, Thomas Athol
History
Mexican archæology : $b an introduction to the archæology of the Mexican and Mayan civilizations of pre-Spanish America
Joyce, Thomas Athol
Mayas -- Antiquities; Mexico -- Antiquities
Of the Yucatec sites the most important is that of Chichen Itza. The
remains here are considerable, though they conform to no definite
plan save that the same arrangement of building round rectangular
courts prevails. The buildings themselves are typically Maya, though
structurally they exhibit a certain advance upon those of the central
area, and Maya glyphs are found throughout, with certain important
exceptions. Of the peculiarities which distinguish the architecture
of Yucatan from that of the last region, many have already been
mentioned, including the mosaic ornament with which the façades of
buildings are decorated. But another important feature remains to be
recorded. Throughout the whole of Yucatan only two dates in the long
count have been discovered, and one of these is at Chichen Itza. The
site is interesting as providing evidence of more than one stage of
construction. One of the finest buildings, the so-called Monjas, shows
plainly that a considerable addition was made to the foundation at a
time later than the original building (Fig. 83). At the same period an
additional storey was added, and one of the chambers in the earlier
structure was filled solid with masonry to support the weight. Certain
annexes were also built (Pl. XXIX, 2; p. 350), in the decoration of
which ornamental fragments from the façades of previous “palaces”
were included, but the inscriptions are in regular Maya characters,
though no date in the long count is included. Other buildings in the
immediate neighbourhood are in similar style and belong presumably
to the same epoch. But further north is a large group of structures
of an entirely different character of ornamentation. These include
the famous ball-court and attached temples (Pl. XXVIII; p. 348), the
Castillo (also seen in Pl. XXVIII), a large structure of which only the
numerous square sculptured columns remain, and the so-called “Temple of
the Tables.” On these buildings neither Maya glyphs nor mosaic masks
are found, while the Castillo and upper ball-court temple are furnished
with serpent-columns similar to those of Tulan. In the lower temple
attached to the ball-court is an elaborate relief showing figures,
exhibiting no signs of cranial deformation, armed with spears and
spear-throwers, assisting, so it would seem, at the obsequies of some
personage in the centre who is distinguished by a huge feathered snake
which overshadows him. Many of the figures are accompanied by glyphs
which are distinctly Nahua in type, while their ornaments and dress
combine both Nahua and Maya characters; further, a sun-disc in Nahua
style occurs at the top of the relief. In the Castillo are atlantean
figures carved in relief in similar style, and in the Temple of the
Tables were found a number of slabs supported by small caryatides (Fig.
84), carved in the round, exactly similar to some which have been
found at Tlaxcala. Finally, several stone recumbent figures supporting
vases, of the type shown on Pl. VIII, 2; p.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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