identification have been mentioned, and it has been said that the victim, especially he who was condemned to die by the gladiatorial sacrifice, was clad in the _insignia_ of the old stellar war- and hunting-deities, Mixcoatl and the Morning Star, _insignia_ which are often borne by Uitzilopochtli and the earth-goddesses. The ornament, which was regarded as that typical of the sacrificial victim, was the following: the body and face were painted white with yellow stripes, lips and chin red, and across the eyes was the black “mask” seen in the figures of the star-gods. The hair was covered with down, and the victim carried arrows and a sword tipped and edged with the same material, which also appeared in five bunches on his shield (Fig. 12; p. 87). The act of communion with the god is seen in the many festivals at which an idol of the deity was made of some edible substance, later to be eaten by the worshippers. This custom was followed also by the Totonac. [Illustration: _PLATE IX_ _British Museum_ MEXICO 1. CENSER OF CHOLULA WARE 2. POTTERY FIGURINE; COATLICUE. MEXICAN VALLEY 3. „ HEAD FROM TEOTIHUACAN 4–5. „ HEADS OF WARRIORS. MEXICAN VALLEY 6. „ FIGURINE; XOCHIQUETZAL. MEXICAN VALLEY MAYA 7–11. POTTERY FIGURINES FROM GRAVES IN BRITISH HONDURAS (Scale: 1, ⅐th; 2–6, ⅜ths; 7–11, ¼th)] [Illustration: FIG. 11.--Totonac stone relief, from Huilocintla, near Tuxpan.] Human sacrifice was of course reserved for the more important feasts, the offerings on lesser occasions consisting chiefly of incense, quails and the worshipper’s own blood. Incense, mixed with tobacco, was offered on every occasion, and the incense-pouch is shown in the MSS. as the invariable accompaniment of priests. It was consumed in pottery braziers (Pl. IX, 1, and Figs. 4, _e_, and 36, 1, pp. 36 and 185), and visitors of great distinction were greeted by censing, a compliment which was continually paid to the Spaniards on their first arrival. Blood drawn by the worshipper from ears, tongue, arms or legs, was offered on most occasions, and this rite was invariably performed as an act of penance every time that he wished to attain ceremonial purity. The usual implement was a spine of the aloe, which, covered with blood, was offered to the god, but implements of bone were also employed, especially for piercing the ears. An elaboration of this ceremony consisted in passing rods through the tongue, and at the principal festival, in March, to Camaxtli at Tlaxcala, the chief priest was supposed to pass no less than 405 specially prepared rods through that organ, the other worshippers being satisfied with a smaller number. This performance is well illustrated in a relief from Huilocintla in the Totonac region (Fig. 11), which bears a distinctly Mayan appearance, and, as will be seen later, the Maya themselves were much addicted to the practice. Upon the proper periodical observance of