[Footnote 42: "A new survey of the West Indies, or The English American, his Travels by land and sea; by Thomas Gage, London, 1677, see p. 176." It is due to impartial history and to the memory of the Marques de Gelves to state that a different account of these occurrences is given by Ramon J. Alcaraz, a modern Mexican writer in the Liceo Mexicano, vol. 2, p. 120. Alcaraz fortifies his views by some documents, and by a justificatory commentary of the Marques himself. But he, like Gage, does not state his _authorities_. The story as related by the English friar is very characteristic of the age, and, _si non e vero e ben trovato_. Those who are anxious to discover the innocence or guilt of the viceroy, with certainty, will have a difficult task in exploring the Spanish manuscripts of the period. The British traveller Gage, _was on the spot in the year after the events occurred_, and his subsequent abandonment of the Catholic church would not be likely to lead him into the espousal of the archbishop de la Serna's cause against the viceroy. CAVO in his work entitled--"Tres Siglos de Mexico,"--states that the account he gives of this transaction is taken from _five_ different narratives of it which were published at the time of its occurrence--three in favor of the viceroy and two sustaining the cause of the archbishop. In the last two, he alleges, that all the imputations against the archbishop were disproved, and that all the charges against the viceroy were sustained by solid argument.] CHAPTER VIII. 1624-1642. THE AUDIENCIA RULES IN THE INTERREGNUM.--CARILLO VISITADOR.--INQUISITORIAL EXAMINATION.--ACAPULCO TAKEN.--ATTACKS BY THE DUTCH.--REMOVAL OF THE CAPITAL PROPOSED.--ARMENDARIZ VICEROY.--ESCALONA VICEROY.--PALAFOX'S CONDUCT TO THE VICEROY.--PALAFOX VICEROY--HIS GOOD AND EVIL. DON RODERIGO PACHECO OSORIO, MARQUES DE CERRALVO, XV. VICEROY OF NEW SPAIN. 1624-1635. Upon the violent expulsion of the viceroy Gelves by the popular outbreak, narrated in the last chapter, the government of New Spain fell once more into the hands of the _Audiencia_ during the interregnum. This body immediately adopted suitable measures to terminate the disaffection. The people were calmed by the deposition of one they deemed an unjust ruler; but for a long time it was found necessary to keep on foot in the capital, large bands of armed men, in order to restrain those troublesome persons who are always ready to avail themselves of any pretext for tumultuary attacks either against property or upon people who are disposed to maintain the supremacy of law and order.