military despot when he should have acted the part of a quiet diplomatist. Finding himself, in two years, emperor of Mexico, after being, at the commencement of that period, nothing more than commander of a regiment, it may be pardoned if he was bewildered by the rapidity of his rise, and if the air he breathed in his extraordinary ascent was too etherial for a man of so excitable a temperament. In every aspect of his character, we must regard him as one altogether inadequate to shape the destiny of a nation emerging from the blood and smoke of two revolutions,--a nation whose political tendencies towards absolute freedom, were at that time, naturally, the positive reverse of his own. Death sealed the lips of men who might have clamored for him in the course of a few years, when the insubordinate spirit that was soon manifested needed as bold an arm as that of Iturbide, in his best days, to check or guide it. Public opinion was decidedly opposed to his sudden and cruel slaughter. Mexicans candidly acknowledged that their country's independence was owing to him; and whilst they admitted that Garza's zeal for the emperor's execution might have been lawful, they believed that revenge for his former disgrace, rather than patriotism, induced the rash and ruthless soldier to hasten the death of the noble victim whom fortune had thrown in his lonely path. [Illustration: (Signature--Augustine de Iturbide)] CHAPTER V. 1824-1829. REVIEW OF THE CONDITION OF MEXICO AND THE FORMATION OF PARTIES.--VICEROYAL GOVERNMENT--THE PEOPLE--THE ARMY--THE CHURCH.--CONSTITUTION OF 1824.--ECHAVARI REVOLTS.--VICTORIA PRESIDENT--ESCOCESSES--YORKINOS--REVOLTS CONTINUED.-- MONTAYNO--GUERRERO.--GOMEZ PEDRAZA PRESIDENT--IS OVERTHROWN.--FEDERALISTS--CENTRALISTS--GUERRERO PRESIDENT.--ABOLITION OF SLAVERY IN MEXICO.