These eight departments and twenty-three cantons,--with nearly 700,000 inhabitants,--contain one city,--the capital, Oajaca;--eight towns; nine hundred and thirteen villages; one hundred and thirty-seven large _haciendas_; two hundred and thirty-five _ranchos_; sixty-eight sugar mills or _trapiches_, and six _estancias_ or cattle estates and grazing farms. Besides these elements of agricultural wealth, Oajaca possesses ten mills, driven by water power, nearly all of which lie in the neighborhood of the capital, and are used chiefly for wheat. Corn is ground or rubbed, for _tortillas_, on the _metate_ by the Indian women throughout Mexico; and consequently but little of this kind of grain is ever brought to the mills. There are five mines or mineral workings in the State, at Ystepéxi, Taléa, Teojomulco, Peñoles, and Las Péras, with ten smelting and amalgamating establishments. There are nine sea ports, roadsteads and anchorages in Oajaca, the best of which are Tehuantepec, Huatulco, Escondido, Chacáhua, and Jamiltepec. Corn, chile, agave, cotton, coffee, sugar, cacao, vainilla, tobacco, cochineal, wax, honey, and a small quantity of indigo, are the staple productions of this State. Nearly all the fruits which we have already described as growing in the State of Vera Cruz, are produced here abundantly, and of excellent quality. The State is estimated as containing, on an average of years-- 44,106 Horses. 18,438 Mules. 10,420 Asses. 171,518 Neat cattle. 213,156 Sheep. 158,009 Goats. 47,947 Hogs. _______ Total, 663,600 head of cattle. The worth of which is calculated, in the home market, at $3,332,757. Gold, silver, copper, quicksilver, iron, rock salt, limestone, gypsum, &c., are found in Oajaca. In the thirty-nine years between January, 1787, and March, 1826, the official registers show a product in the State of 4,820 marks of gold, and 544,257 marks of silver; and in the five years from March, 1826, to the end of 1830, 95 marks of gold, and 21,701 of silver. But these sums must not be regarded as perfect indications of the absolute product of Oajaca, inasmuch as its proximity to the sea, and the facilities for smuggling in the lonely districts of the west coast have no doubt enabled the trading community to export a large portion of the real avails of the mines, which, of course, never appear in the authentic registers and returns of the State. * * * * *