Faraday did not see fit at this time to accept the idea, suggested
indeed by himself in 1831, that these effects of self-induction were
the analogue of momentum or inertia. That explanation he set aside
on finding that the same wire when coiled had greater self-inductive
action than when straight. Had he at that time grasped this analogy, he
would have seen that the very property which gives rise to the spark
at break of circuit also retards the rapid growth of a current; and
then the experiment described above would have shown him that Sir W.
Snow Harris was right in preferring flat copper ribbon to a round wire
of equivalent section as a material for lightning conductors. He was,
however, disappointed to find so small a difference between round wires
and parallel strands. The memoir as published contains an exceedingly
interesting conclusion:--
Notwithstanding that the effects appear only at the making
and breaking of contact (the current, remaining unaffected,
seemingly, in the interval,) I cannot resist the impression
that there is some connected and correspondent effect produced
by this lateral action of the elements of the electric stream
during the time of its continuance. An action of this kind,
in fact, is evident in the magnetic relations of the parts
of the current. But admitting (as we may do for the moment)
the magnetic forces to constitute the power which produces
such striking and different results at the commencement and
termination of a current, still there appears to be a link in
the chain of effects--a wheel in the physical mechanism of the
action, as yet unrecognised.
The tenth series of researches, on the voltaic battery, though
completed in October, 1834, was not published till June, 1835.
[Sidenote: ACTION IN A MEDIUM.]
The next research, begun in the autumn of 1835, after a lull of
about eight months, lasted over two years. It was not completed till
December, 1837. This investigation took Faraday away from magnetic
and electrochemical matters to the old subject of statical electric
charges, a subject hitherto untouched in his researches. But he had
long brooded over the question as to the nature of an electric charge.
Over and over again, as he had watched the inductive effect of electric
currents acting from wire to wire, his mind turned to the old problem
of the inductive influence--discovered eighty years before, by John
Canton--exerted, apparently at a distance, by electric charges. He
had learned to distrust action at a distance, and now the time was
ripe for a searching inquiry as to whether electric _influence_, or
induction[44] as it was then called, was also an action propagated by
contiguous actions in the intervening medium.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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