On October 11th he thinks he has got hold of another new fact when
experimenting on liquids in a long glass tube, the record of it
filling three pages. But two days afterwards he finds it only a
disturbing effect due to the communication of heat to the liquid
from the surrounding magnetising coil. He seems to regret the loss
of the new fact, but adds: “As to the other phenomenon of circular
polarization, that comes out constant, clear, and beautiful.”
Then, with that idea of the correlation of forces always in his
head, there recurs to him the notion that if magnetism or electric
currents can affect a beam of light, there must be some sort of
converse phenomenon, and that in some way or other light must be able
to electrify or to magnetise. Thirty-one years before, when visiting
Rome with Davy, he had witnessed the experiments of Morichini on the
alleged magnetic effect of violet light, and had remained unconvinced.
His own idea is very different. And October 14th being a bright day
with good sunlight, he makes the attempt. Selecting a very sensitive
galvanometer, he connects it to a spiral of wire 1 inch in diameter,
4·2 inches long, of 56 convolutions, and then directs a beam of
sunlight along its axis. He tries letting the beam pass alternately
through the coil while the outside is covered, and then along the
exterior while the interior is shaded. But still there is no effect.
Then he inserts an unmagnetised steel bar within the coil, and rotates
it while it is exposed to the sun’s rays. Still there is no effect,
and the sun goes down on another of the unfulfilled expectations. But
had he lived to learn of the effect of light in altering the electric
resistance of selenium discovered by Mayhew, of the photoelectric
currents discovered by Becquerel, of the discharging action of
ultra-violet light discovered by Hertz, of the revivifying effect of
light on recently demagnetised iron discovered by Bidwell, he would
have rejoiced that such other correlations should have been found,
though different from that which he sought. On November 3rd he receives
a new horseshoe magnet, with which he hoped to find some optical effect
on air and other gases, but again without result. That the magnetism of
the earth does actually rotate the plane of polarisation of sky light
was the discovery of Henri Becquerel so late as 1878.
Faithful to his own maxim: “Work, finish, publish,” Faraday lost no
time in writing out his research. It was presented to the Royal Society
on November 6th, but the main result was verbally mentioned on November
3rd at the monthly meeting of the Royal Institution, and reported in
the _Athenæum_ of November 8th, 1845.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account