Milch Cows and Dairy Farming: Comprising the Breeds, Breeding, and Management, in Health and Disease, of Dairy and Other Stock, the Selection of Milch Cows, with a Full Explanation of Guenon's Method; The Culture of Forage Plants, and the Production of Milk, Butter, and Cheese: Embodying the Most Recent Improvements, and Adapted to Farming in the United States and British Provinces. With a Treatise upon the Dairy Husbandry of Holland; To Which Is Added Horsfall's System of Dairy ManagementFlint, Charles Louis
Science
Milch Cows and Dairy Farming: Comprising the Breeds, Breeding, and Management, in Health and Disease, of Dairy and Other Stock, the Selection of Milch Cows, with a Full Explanation of Guenon's Method; The Culture of Forage Plants, and the Production of Milk, Butter, and Cheese: Embodying the Most Recent Improvements, and Adapted to Farming in the United States and British Provinces. With a Treatise upon the Dairy Husbandry of Holland; To Which Is Added Horsfall's System of Dairy Management
Flint, Charles Louis
Cows; Dairying
Instead of the yoke a soft cushion is also used, which the dairymaids
strap over their backs, so that they hang down and rest over the hips
and thighs. On this cushion the cans are laid, and fastened with broad
hempen straps, that they may not press too heavily upon the body. This
band is called the milk-strap. Where the milk is carried home on a
hand-cart, neatly-woven baskets are fastened upon little wagons in which
the cans are placed. If it is to be carried in casks, the same
arrangement is fixed upon a hand-cart. Two wooden floats are laid upon
the milk in the buckets, in order to protect it from slopping over. One
or more large milk-casks or tubs, in which it may cool off properly, are
also used. The size of these tubs is different, as well as the materials
of which they are made. Where the cooling is not left to the air alone,
but is sought to be effected by hanging the milk-tub into cold water,
the vessels are made of metal. The large vase-like jars are also used
for this purpose. These hold about thirty cans, or twenty-six quarts.
Wooden bowls are used, of different sizes and forms, and earthen pans,
rather deeper than broad, Figs. 93 and 94, in which the milk as it cools
is set for the cream to rise. A large pot for collecting the cream
until there is enough to churn, and wooden skimmers for taking off the
cream, are also used. The milker sits upon a common four-legged, and
sometimes one-legged milking-stool, and milks either the teats on one
side, or one hind and one front teat, the pail being held between the
knees. The cows are milked regularly at four or five o’clock in the
morning, and at five or six in the afternoon.
[Illustration: Fig. 93.]
[Illustration: Fig. 94.]
In West Friesland, North and South Holland, Utrecht, and other places,
it is customary to tie the tail to the leg of the cow, that she may not
annoy the milker. Most cows do not resist this, being accustomed to it
from the beginning. They also pass a cord around the horns and tie her
to a post stuck in the ground during the milking, as in Fig. 95. In many
provinces only the unruly cows are tied in this way.
[Illustration: Fig. 95.]
The milking takes place on the right side of the cow, so that the
milker sits on this side. In West Friesland and North Holland there is
an exception to this rule. The cows are tied in pairs in the stalls, and
one is milked on one side and the other on the other, the milker sitting
with his back to the board partition, to avoid annoyance from either
animal.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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