Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the RenaissanceJacob, P. L.
History
Military and religious life in the Middle Ages and at the period of the Renaissance
Jacob, P. L.
Europe -- Social life and customs; Manners and customs -- History; Middle Ages; Renaissance
In spite of the wise measures recommended by Jean de Villiers, the
Hospitallers were no longer in safety at Limisso. They had to defend
themselves from two equally formidable enemies; from the Saracens, who
were ceaselessly threatening their naval and military organization, and
from the King of Cyprus, who seemed to desire the ruin of the order,
upon which he had just imposed a heavy tax. Indeed, Villaret, the new
grand master, proposed to his brothers in arms that they should retire
to the island of Rhodes, entrench themselves there, and wait until a
more propitious moment should arrive for their return to Palestine.
Unfortunately the forces of the order of St. John were not sufficient
for such a daring enterprise, and the grand master invited the Western
Christians to undertake a new crusade, keeping the real motive of the
expedition a secret. The Crusaders assembled in great numbers at the
port of Brindisi, in Italy, and the grand master, selecting the noblest
and the best equipped, set sail for Rhodes. There he successfully
disembarked his little army, with provisions and warlike materials,
and laid siege to the capital, which was well fortified and thronged
with defenders. After an investment of four years the town was taken by
assault; the other strongholds met with a similar fate, and the whole
island passed under the sway of the Hospitallers in 1310. But for more
than two centuries they had to defend it against the constant attacks
of the infidels.
Under the leadership of Joubert or Jacques de Milly, the grand prior
of Auvergne, the Knights of Rhodes (the Hospitallers had assumed this
name in memory of a victory that so redounded to the fame of the Order
of St. John) inflicted a first repulse upon the Ottomans in 1455. All
danger, however, was not banished. A rupture seemed imminent with the
Sultan of Egypt, quite as formidable an adversary as Mahomet II., the
Sultan of Constantinople; and the knights were also obliged to bestir
themselves against the Venetians, who had effected a landing on the
island, and had been guilty of greater cruelty and violence than the
Saracens and the Turks. Raymond Zacosta, the successor of Jacques de
Milly in the grand mastership, took advantage of an interval of truce
to build a new fort intended to defend the town and port of Rhodes.
This impregnable fortress, constructed upon a rocky promontory,
received the name of St. Nicholas, from a chapel dedicated to that
saint standing within its walls (Fig. 140).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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