[Illustration: Fig. 70.--Turreted Vessel which protected the Port of Venice.--From a Medal struck in honour of the Doge P. Candiano I., who died in 887 (Venetian Museum).] There were two sorts of vessels used in the fifteenth and the sixteenth centuries also belonging to the numerous and varied family of the galley--the _fuste_ and the _frégate_, both smaller examples of the _galéasse_. A galley was termed _galéasse_ (Fig. 72) when it was of large size, powerfully armed, and propelled by such long and heavy oars that it took six or seven men to work one of them. [Illustration: Fig. 71.--The _Bucentaure_, State Barge used for the Marriage of the Doge of Venice with the Sea.--From the Model preserved in the Arsenal of Venice.] We have not by any means exhausted the number of long vessels propelled by oars, but we will now turn to those which only used sails, and which were termed _nefs_, or round vessels. In the tenth century the Venetians employed these large heavy vessels, which they had adopted from the Saracens, and which were termed _cumbaries_ (from the Latin _cymba_), or _gombaries_. To the same class belonged the _coque_ (Fig. 73), which, according to an old chronicler, had a round stem and stern, a high freeboard, and drew very little water. This style of vessel, which from its shape was considered insubmersable, was largely used both for warlike and commercial purposes, from the twelfth to the close of the fifteenth century. The _coque_, so frequently employed in the Middle Ages, doubtless suggested the construction of another large vessel of the same sort, called by the Venetians _buzo_, by the Genoese _panzono_, and _busse_ by the Provençaux, three words having a similar signification.[4] These various names plainly indicate the character of this kind of vessel, namely, that it was a broad-beamed, slow-sailing craft, but one capable of carrying large and heavy cargoes. [Illustration: Fig. 72.--Sketch of a Galley of the Sixteenth Century, painted in distemper on the door of a cupboard preserved in the Doria Palace, Genoa.] Such names, however, as _gombaries_, _coques_, and _busses_, are nowadays as completely forgotten as the ships to which they were applied, while such terms as _carraque_ and _galliot_ still convey a meaning understood by everybody. Indeed, they immediately call up in the mind the memory of the numerous Spanish galleons which, according to popular tradition, were constantly returning home laden with Peruvian gold, and of those gigantic caracks which, hailing from the French ports on the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, invested the navy of France, in the reigns of Louis XII. and Francis I., with such a splendid and imposing renown. [Illustration: Fig. 73.--The Coque.--From a Miniature in a Manuscript Virgil of the Fifteenth Century (Riccardi Library, Florence).]