legitimate use of fraud and deception has nothing whatever in common with the ordinary moral code of civil life, the principles openly professed in it being so totally foreign to our simplest rules of upright and worthy conduct that in any other than the fighting classes of our civilised societies they would not be advocated for very shame, nor listened to for a moment without resentment. CHAPTER VI. BARBARIAN WARFARE. _Non avaritia, non crudelitas modum novit.... Quæ clam commissa capite luerentur, quia paludati fecere laudamus._--SENECA. Variable notions of honour--Primitive ideas of a military life--What is civilised warfare--Advanced laws of war among several savage tribes--Symbols of peace among savages--The Samoan form of surrender--Treaties of peace among savages--Abeyance of laws of war in hostilities with savages--Zulus blown up in caves with gun-cotton--Women and men kidnapped for transport service on the Gold Coast--Humane intentions of the Spaniards in the New World contrasted with the inhumanity of their actions--Wars with natives of English and French in America--High rewards offered for scalps--The use of bloodhounds in war--The use of poison and infected clothes--Penn’s treaty with the Indians--How Missionaries come to be a cause of war--Explanation of the failure of modern Missions--The Mission Stations as centres of hostile intrigue--Plea for the State-regulation of Missions--Depopulation under Protestant influences--The prevention of false rumours, _Tendenzlügen_--Civilised and barbarian warfare--No real distinction between them. A missionary, seeing once a negro furrowing his face with scars, asked him why he put himself to such needless pain, and the reply was: ‘For honour, and that people on seeing me may say, There goes a man of heart.’