[257] ‘Non filius meus est vel ecclesiæ; ad regis autem voluntatem redimetur, quia potius Martis quam Christi miles judicatur.’ [258] Turner’s _England_, v. 92. [259] ‘Sanxit ut nullus in posterum sacerdos in hostem pergeret, nisi duo vel tres episcopi electione cæterorum propter benedictionem populique reconciliationem, et cum illis electi sacerdotes qui bene scirent populis pœnitentias dare, missas celebrare, etc.’ (in _Du Cange_, ‘Hostis’). [260] Guicciardini. ‘Prometteva che se i soldati procedevano virilmente, che non accetterebbe la Mirandola con alcuno patto: ma lascierebbe in potestà loro il saccheggiarla.’ [261] Monstrelet, i. 9. [262] Crichton’s _Scandinavia_, i. 170. [263] _Mémoires du Fleurange._ Petitot, xvi. 253. [264] See Palmer, _Origines Liturgicæ_, ii. 362-65, for the form of service. [265] _Petitot_, xvi. 229. [266] _Ibid._ 135. [267] Petitot, viii. 55. ‘Feciono venire per tutto il campo un prete parato col corpo di Christo, e in luogo di communicarsi ciascuno prese uno poco di terra, e la si mise in boca.’ [268] Livy, xxxvi. 2. [269] Robertson, _Charles V._, note 21. Ryan, _History of Effects of Religion on Mankind_, 124. [270] M. J, Schmidt, _Histoire des Allemands traduite, etc._, iv. 232, 3. [271] ‘Christianis licet ex mandato magistratus arma portare et _justa_ bella administrare.’ [272] _Policy of War a True Defence of Peace_, 1543. [273] _Pallas Armata_, 369, 1683. [274] In his treatise _Du droit de la guerre_. [275] _L’Esprit_, i. 562. [276] _Strafgesetzbuch_, Jan. 20, 1872, 15, 75, 150. [277] Fleming’s _Volkommene Teutsche Soldat_, 96. [278] Benet’s _United States Articles of War_, 391. [279] Grose, ii. 199. [280] See Turner’s _Pallas Armata_, 349, for these and similar military tortures. [281] Crichton’s _Scandinavia_, i. 168. [282] Grose, ii. 6. [283] Sir S. Scott’s _History of the British Army_, ii. 436. [284] ii. 16. ‘Omnes autem signarii vel signiferi quamvis pedites loricas minores accipiebant, et _galeas ad terrorem hostium ursinis pellibus tectas_.’ [285] Scott, ii. 9. [286] Scott, i. 311. [287] Said to have been invented about 400 B.C. by Dionysius, tyrant of Syracuse. [288] Mitchell’s _Biographies of Eminent Soldiers_, 208, 287. [289] Compare article 14 of the German _Strafgesetzbuch_ of January 20, 1872. [290] _Nineteenth Century_, November 1882: ‘The Present State of the Army.’ [291] _De Re Militari_, vi. 5. [292] Bruce’s _Military Law_ (1717), 254. [293] See Fleming’s _Teutsche Soldat_, ch. 29. [294] See the War Articles for 1673, 1749, 1794. [295] 82. [296] Quintus Curtius, viii. 2. [297] _Military Law_, 163. [298] 286, 290. [299] _Despatches_, iii. 302, June 17, 1809. [300] Compare also _Despatches_, iv. 457; v. 583, 704, 5. [301] _China War_, 225. [302] Scott’s _British Army_, ii. 411. [303] _Wellington’s Despatches_, v. 705. [304] See Windham’s Speech in the House of Commons. April 3, 1806. [305] _Ibid._ [306] P. 122. [307] Fleming, 109.