4th. Methods of defilement employed. Determination of the different planes of barbettes, of their ramps, of the profiles of the gorge, &c. Construction of embrasures. 5th. Means made use of in practice for determining the distance of the salient of the work to the dangerous point on which it is defiladed. V.--PROGRAMME OF PERMANENT FORTIFICATION, AND THE ATTACK AND DEFENSE OF PLACES. The course of instruction in Permanent Fortification and the Attack and Defense of Places, is divided into three parts, viz:-- [KEY] Art. Artillery. Eng. Engineers. ----------------------------------------------------+------------- | No. of | lectures to +------+------ | Art. | Eng. ----------------------------------------------------+------+------ The first part consists of the study of the | | Construction of existing Fortifications, | | and it is common to the two services; | | it comprises, | 10 | 10 The second part contains principles | | of the Art of Fortification, divided into | | three sections, of which the | | {1st section relates to | | Fortification on level ground | 19 | 19 {2nd section relates to | | Fortification on hilly ground | 19 | 26 {3rd section relates to general | | questions of Fortifications | 4 | 5 Third part relates to the Attack | | and Defense of Places, | 24 | 24 +------+------ Total number of Lectures, | 76 | 84 ----------------------------------------------------+------+------ The first part contains a description of the various works of permanent fortification, their respective uses, and the changes that have been successively made in them, together with a short history of ancient fortification prior to the invention of powder, and the changes introduced by the use of fire-arms. The systems of Errard, Beville, Pagan, Vauban, Cochorn, and Cormontaigne.