2d. Summary review of draining or pumping machines. Choice between the different methods of draining. Table of the useful effect of such machines. Pile driving. Pile driving machine with band ropes. Preparation of the pile and operation of driving. Pile driving machine with catch. Choice between the two kinds of pile driving machines. Precautions to be taken in the driving of piles. Distribution of piles, the space to be left between them, and the squaring of them. Disposition and driving of planks. Method of drawing up piles and planking. Execution of a foundation on piles. Driving stakes out of water. Machine for squaring piles. 3d. Parafouilles. Their object and construction. Foundations in mortar under water. Preparation and immersion of the mortar. Examples. Thickness of sunk dams with the enceint in mortar. 4th. Foundation frames and platforms. Their object and their construction. Preparation of the foundation frames in masonry. Foundation by packing. Foundation by coffer-dams. Details of a coffer-dam. 5th. Foundations on solid gravel. Properties of gravel. Case where it is advantageous to make use of gravel. Examples. Foundations on sunk wooden piles, in gravel, and in gravel and mortar. Foundation on pillars built in masonry. Foundations on quicksand. Species of foundation to adopt according to the nature of the ground. 6th. Banks of reservoirs. Conditions which should be fulfilled in their establishment. Banks in earth; their profile; revetments to protect them; the wet slope; sort of remblai; precautions which exact a large remblai. Banks in remblai and sustaining walls combined. Banks entirely in masonry; movements observed in walls; most suitable profile. Comparison between banks in earth and masonry. Works which are employed in connection with banks of reservoirs. Dikes of inundations. Their profile; defense of their slope against the action of water; their establishment and works in connection with them. 7th. Batardeaux in the ditches of strong places. Situation; profile; details of construction. Weirs. Their object; effect of a weir in a current. Advantages of the wedge or circular form. Height to give to a weir; and longitudinal form of the swelling occasioned by a horizontal dam. Construction of weirs with vertical walls, with a long slope down the stream. Injuries to which weirs are liable. Profile to adopt according to the nature of the ground. 8th. Sluice-dams, their object; form of the piles; distance apart, and dimensions. Details of construction. Various kinds of apparatus for opening and shutting sluice-dams. Play of a revolving gate. Calculation of the dimensions of the two half sluice gates and of the wicket. Carpentry of a revolving gate. Movable dams with iron wickets. Modifications to render them applicable to the retention of water at a greater height than 2.80 meters.