Milton, John, 1608-1674; Poets, English -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- Biography
All this Milton changed. He chooses his every word. You cannot guess the
adjective from the substantive, nor the end of the phrase from its
beginning. He is much given to inverting the natural English order of
epithet and noun, that he may gain a greater emphasis for the epithet.
His style is not a simple loose-flowing garment, which takes its outline
from its natural fall over the figure, but a satin brocade, stiff with
gold, exactly fitted to the body. There is substance for it to clothe;
but, as his imitators quickly discovered, it can stand alone. He packs
his meaning into the fewest possible words, and studies economy in every
trifle. In his later poetry there are no gliding connectives; no
polysyllabic conjunctive clauses, which fill the mouth while the brain
prepares itself for the next word of value; no otiose epithets, and very
few that court neglect by their familiarity. His poetry is like the
eloquence of the Lord Chancellor Bacon, as described by Ben Jonson:--"No
man ever spake more neatly, more pressly, more weightily, or suffered
less emptiness, less idleness in what he uttered. No member of his speech
but consisted of his own graces. His hearers could not cough, or look
aside from him, without loss." It is this quality of Milton's verse that
makes the exercise of reading it aloud a delight and a trial. Every word
is of value. There is no mortar between the stones, each is held in place
by the weight of the others, and helps to uphold the building. In
reading, every word must be rendered clearly and articulately; to drop
one out, or to slur it over, is to take a stone from an arch. Indeed, if
Lamb and Hazlitt are right in thinking that Shakespeare's greatest plays
cannot be acted, by the same token, Milton's greatest poems cannot be
read aloud. For his most sonorous passages the human voice is felt to be
too thin an instrument; the lightest word in the line demands some faint
emphasis, so that the strongest could not be raised to its true value
unless it were roared through some melodious megaphone.
The carefully jewelled mosaic style was practised very early by Milton.
It occurs already in the hymn on the Nativity:--
See how from far upon the eastern road
The star-led wizards haste with odours sweet:
O run, prevent them with thy humble ode
And lay it lowly at his blessed feet.
The same deliberateness and gentle pause of words one after another
rounding and falling like clear drops is found in the song of the Spirit
in _Comus_:--
Sabrina fair,
Listen where thou art sitting
Under the glassy, cool, translucent wave,
In twisted braids of lilies knitting
The loose train of thy amber-dropping hair.
This is the effect which Sir Henry Wotton, Milton's earliest critic,
speaks of, in a letter to Milton, as "a certain Doric delicacy in your
songs and odes, whereunto I must plainly confess to have seen yet nothing
parallel in our language."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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