Milton, John, 1608-1674; Poets, English -- Early modern, 1500-1700 -- Biography
Now at the last gasp of Love's latest breath,
When, his pulse failing, Passion speechless lies,
And Faith is kneeling by his bed of death,
And Innocence is closing up his eyes,--
Now, if thou would'st, when all have given him over,
From death to life thou might'st him yet recover.
Sometimes, by a curious reversal, poets, especially the more
sophisticated poets of the Romantic Revival, describe a perfectly
definite outward object or scene by a figure drawn from the most complex
abstract conceptions. So Shelley, with whom these inverted figures are
habitual, compares the skylark to
A poet hidden
In the light of thought;
and Byron, describing the rainbow over a waterfall, likens it to
Love watching Madness with unalterable mien.
Both ways are foreign to the epic manner of Milton. His figures may be
called historic parallels, whereby the names and incidents of human
history are made to elucidate and ennoble the less familiar names and
incidents of his prehistoric theme. Sometimes, following Homer, he
borrows a figure from rustic life, as where, for instance, he compares
the devils, crowding into Pandemonium, to a swarm of bees. But he
perceived clearly enough that he could not, for the reasons already
explained, afford to deal largely in this class of figure: he prefers to
maintain dignity and distance by choosing comparisons from ancient
history and mythology, or from those great and strange things in Nature
which repel intimacy--the sun, the moon, the sea, planets in opposition,
a shooting star, an evening mist, a will-o'-the-wisp, a vulture
descending from the Himalayas, the ice-floes on the North-East passage,
the sea-beast leviathan, Xerxes' Hellespontic bridge, the gryphon
pursuing the Arimaspian, the madness of Alcides in Oeta, the rape of
Proserpine, and a hundred more reminiscences of the ancient world.
Even the great events of ancient history seemed to him at times too
familiar, too little elevated and remote to furnish a resting-place for a
song that intended "no middle flight." He transforms his proper names,
both to make them more melodious, and to make them more unfamiliar to the
ear. No praise is too high for his art and skill in this matter. An
example may be found in those four lines--the earliest that have the full
Miltonic resonance--describing the fate of Lycidas, carried by the tide
southward to the Cornish coast:--
Or whether thou, to our moist vows denied,
Sleep'st by the fable of Bellerus old,
Where the great Vision of the guarded mount
Looks toward Namancos and Bayona's hold.
"Bellerus" seems to be a name of Milton's coinage. He had written
"Corineus," and probably disliked the sound, for in this case it can
hardly have been that the name was too familiar. Both reasons concurred
in prompting the allusion to Pharaoh and his Egyptian squadrons as--
Busiris and his Memphian chivalry.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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