495. ~sweetened ... dale~; poetical exaggeration or hyperbole, implying that fragrant flowers became even more fragrant from Thyrsis' music. 496. ~huddling~. This conveys the two ideas of hastening and crowding: comp. Horace, _Ars Poetica_, 19, "Et _properantis_ aquae per amoenos ambitus agros." ~madrigal~: a pastoral or shepherd's song (Ital. _mandra_, a flock): such compositions, then in favour, had been made by Lawes and by Milton's father. 497. ~swain~: a word of common use in pastoral poetry. It denotes strictly a peasant or, more correctly, a young man: comp. the compounds boat-_swain_, cox-_swain_. See _Arc._ 26, "Stay, gentle _swains_," etc. 499. ~pent~, penned, participle of _pen_, to shut up (A.S. _pennan_, which is connected with _pin_, seen in _pin_-fold, l. 7). ~forsook~: a form of the past tense used for the participle. 501. ~and his next joy~, _i.e._ 'and (thou), his next joy'--words addressed to the second brother. 502. ~trivial toy~, ordinary trifle. The phrase seems redundant, but 'trivial' may here be used in the strict sense of common or well-known. Compare _Il Pens._ 4, "fill the fixed mind with all your _toys_"; and Burton's _Anat. of Mel._, "complain of _toys_, and fear without a cause." 503. ~stealth of~, things stolen by. 506. ~To this my errand~, etc., _i.e._ in comparison with this errand of mine and the anxiety it involved. 'To' = in comparison with; an idiom common in Elizabethan English, _e.g._ "There is no woe _to_ this correction," _Two Gent._ ii. 4. 138. See Abbott, § 187. 508. ~How chance~. _Chance_ is here a verb followed by a substantive clause: 'how does it chance that,' etc. This idiom is common in Shakespeare (Abbott, § 37), where it sometimes has the force of an adverb (= perchance): compare _Par. Lost_, ii. 492: "If chance the radiant sun, with farewell sweet," etc. 509. ~sadly~, seriously. Radically, sad = sated or full (A.S. _saed_); hence the two meanings, 'serious' and 'sorrowful,' the former being common in Spenser, Bacon, and Shakespeare. Comp. 'some _sad_ person of known judgment' (Bacon); _Romeo and Jul._ i. 1. 205, "Tell me in _sadness_, who is that you love"; _Par. Lost_, vi. 541, "settled in his face I see _Sad_ resolution." See also Swinburne's _Miscellanies_ (1886), page 170. 510. ~our neglect~, _i.e._ neglect on our part. 511. ~Ay me~! Comp. _Lyc._ 56, "Ay me! I fondly dream"; 154. This exclamatory phrase = ah me! Its form is due to the French _aymi_ = alas, for me! and has no connection with _ay_ or _aye_ = yes. In this line _true_ rhymes with _shew_: comp. _youth_ and _shew'th_, _Sonnet on his having arrived at the age of twenty-three_. 512. ~Prithee~. A familiar fusion of _I pray thee_, sometimes written 'pr'ythee.' Lines 495-512 form nine rhymed couplets. 513. ~ye~: a dative. See note on l. 216. 514. ~shallow~. Comp. _Son._ i. 6, "_shallow_ cuckoo's bill," xii_a_. 12; _Arc._ 41, "_shallow_-searching Fame."