[76] _Journ. As. Soc. Bengal_, vol. 66^2, 1898. [77] _Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond._ 1902. [78] Marshall, _loc. cit._ p. 379. [79] In this connection may be quoted a letter from Capt. N. V. Neal near Lagos to Mr W. A. Lamborn which was recently published in the _Proceedings of the Entomological Society_. "You have asked me about monkeys eating butterflies. This is very common, as every native will tell you. I have seen it myself. The monkey runs along a path, sees some butterflies fluttering round some filth, goes very quietly, and seizes one by the wings, puts the solid part (body) into his mouth, then pulls the wings off. The poor butterfly goes down like any oyster.... The dog-faced baboon and the large brown monkey with a very long tail, which seems to be the most common species in this colony, are great butterfly-eaters. The little spider-monkey also considers a butterfly a treat, and prefers one to a spider." [80] Cf. E. B. Poulton in _Bedrock_ for Oct. 1913, p. 301. [81] _Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1914._ [82] In the female _hobleyi_, with rare exceptions, the orange of the male is replaced by white, and it has received the name _tirikensis_. The female of _P. macarista_ also shews white in place of the orange of the male. [83] Cf. Poulton, E. B., _I^{er} Congr. Internat. d'Entomol._, Bruxelles 1911. This proportion is founded on several hundreds caught at random. Observers are agreed that _Pseudacraea_ is both a warier insect and a stronger flyer than the various Planemas which it resembles. [84] _I^{er} Congr. Internat. d'Entom._, Bruxelles 1911. [85] Cf. Poulton, _Bedrock_, Oct. 1913, p. 300. [86] The size of the white spot may shew much variation in specimens from the same region. I have seen African specimens in which it is large, while in the Ceylon specimen figured on Plate IV it is as small as in the typical African specimen shewn on Plate VIII. [87] See Moulton, J. C., _Trans. Ent. Soc. London_, 1909. [88] In this connection it is of interest that a recent observer with considerable breeding experience finds that the dark _doubledayaria_ variety of the Peppered Moth is more hardy than the typical form (cf. p. 101). The swift success of the dark variety led some to regard it as better protected against bird enemies. It is, however, not unlikely that the deeper pigmentation is associated with some physiological difference which makes for greater hardiness. See Bowater, _Journal of Genetics_, vol. 3, 1914. [89] As examples may be mentioned _P. polytes_, _Hypolimnas misippus_, _H. dubius_, and _Pseudacraea hobleyi_. With the exception of the _planemoides_ form it is true also for _P. dardanus_, the most polymorphic of them all. [90] _Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond. 1909._ [91] Cf. F. G. Hopkins, _Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 1895._ [92] Coloured representations of these two species will be found on Pl. 20 of Seitz, _Macrolepidoptera of the World, Fauna Americana_. [93] _Untersuchungen über die Mimikry_, 1893.