1. _Pareronia ceylonica_ [F] } (Pieridae) 2. " " [M] } 3. _Danais septentrionis_ (Danainae) 4. _Papilio xenocles_ (Papilionidae) 5. _Hypolimnas bolina_ [M] } (Nymphalinae) 6. " " [F] } 7. _Papilio clytia_ var. _dissimilis_ } (Papilionidae) 8. " " var. _lankeswara_ } 9. _Elymnias singhala_ (Satyrinae) 10. _Euploea core_ (Danainae) [Illustration] * * * * * PLATE II ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES 1. _Delias eucharis_ (Pieridae) 2. _Caduga tytia_ (Danainae) 3. _Papilio agestor_ (Papilionidae) 4. _Euploea mulciber_ [M] } (Danainae) 5. " " [F] } 6. _Elymnias malelas_ [M] } (Satyrinae) 7. " " [F] } 8. _Euploea rhadamanthus_ (Danainae) 9. _Papilio mendax_ (Papilionidae) [Illustration] * * * * * PLATE III ORIENTAL MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES The three upper figures are those of moths, and the three lower ones are those of butterflies. 1. _Alcidis agathyrsus_ (New Guinea) 2. _Papilio laglaizei_ " " The moth is here supposed to serve as a model for the far rarer Papilio. 3. _Cyclosia hestinioides_ 4. _Ideopsis daos_ The butterfly is very common and must be regarded as the model, the rarer moth as the mimic. 5. _Epicopeia polydora_ (Assam) 6. _Papilio bootes_ " Both of these species are to be regarded as mimics of the abundant Pharmacophagus Papilio, _P. polyxenus_, which is very like _P. bootes_ in appearance. [Illustration] * * * * * PLATE IV ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES 1. _Danais chrysippus_ [M] } (Danainae) 2. " _plexippus_ [F] } 3. _Argynnis hyperbius_ [F] } (Nymphalinae) 4. " " [M] } 5. _Elymnias undularis_ [F] } (Satyrinae) 6. " " [M] } 7. _Hypolimnas misippus_ [F] } (Nymphalinae) 8. " " [M] } The two Danaids together with the females of the other three species form a "mimicry ring." For explanation see text, pp. 65-69. [Illustration] * * * * * PLATE V ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES 1. _Papilio polytes_ [M] 2. " " [F], var. _cyrus_ (M form) 3. " " [F], var. _polytes_ (A form) 4. " " [F], var. _romulus_ (H form) 5. " _aristolochiae_ 6. " _hector_ The specimens figured on this plate were taken in Ceylon where they are all plentiful. Figures 1_a_--6_a_ represent the under surfaces of the hind wings belonging to specimens 1--6. [Illustration] * * * * * PLATE VI