Miscellanea Curiosa, Vol. 1: Containing a collection of some of the principal phaenomena in nature, accounted for by the greatest philosophers of this age
History
Miscellanea Curiosa, Vol. 1: Containing a collection of some of the principal phaenomena in nature, accounted for by the greatest philosophers of this age
Natural history; Science -- Early works to 1800; Voyages and travels -- Early works to 1800
I shall not expatiate on these Particulars, but leave them for the
Exercise of those that are desirous to be informed in Optical Matters,
which I am bold to say are comprehended in these three Rules, as fully
as the most Inquisitive can desire them, and in all possible Cases;
regard being had to the Signs + and -, as in the former Cases of finding
the _Focus_. I shall only shew two considerable Uses of them; the one to
find the distance whereat an Object being plac'd, shall by a given
_Lens_ be represented in a _Species_ as large as the Object it self,
which may be of singular Use in drawing Faces and other things in their
true Magnitude, by transmitting the _Species_ by a Glass into a dark
Room, which will not only give the true Figure and Shades, but even the
Colours themselves, almost as vivid as the Life. In this Case _d_ is
equal to _f_, and substituting _d_ for _f_ in the Equation, we shall have
_pdrρ_ = _ddr + ddρ - dpρr_,
and dividing all by _dprρ_ = _dr + dρ - prρ_, that is, _2prρ_/(_r + ρ_)
= _d_; but if the two Convexities be of the same Sphere so as _r_ = ρ,
then will the distance be = _pr_; that is, if the _Lens_ be Glass =
_2r_, so that if an Object be placed at the Diameter of the Sphere
distant, in this Case the _Focus_ will be as far within as the Object is
without, and the _Species_ represented thereby will be as big as the
Life; but if it were a _Plano-Convex_, the same distance will be =
_2pr_, or in Glass to four times the _Radius_ of the Convexity; but of
this Method I may entertain the Curious at some other Time, and shew how
to magnifie or diminish an Object in any proportion assign'd, (which yet
will be obvious enough from what is here deliver'd) as likewise how to
erect the Object which in this Method is represented inverted.
A Second Use is to find what Convexity or Concavity is required, to make
a vastly distant Object be represented at a given _Focus_, after the one
Surface of the _Lens_ is formed; which is but a Corollary of our Theorem
for finding ρ, having _p_, _d_, _r_ and _f_ given; for _d_ being
infinite, that Rule becomes
_rf_/(_pr - f_) = ρ,
that is in Glass _rf_/(_2r - f_) = ρ, whence if _f_ be greater than
_2r_, ρ becomes Negative, and _rf_/(_f - 2r_) is the _Radius_ of the
Concave sought.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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