As to the subsequent stages of human life, Froebel never fulfilled his
promise to write about them. The attention and efforts of his later
years were entirely concerned with a plan for the education of early
childhood. And thus he is remembered and is to be remembered forever as
the founder of the kindergarten system. The idea of the kindergarten
rests on the belief that on the complete unfolding of the inner power
of childhood in its all-sidedness, on the full gratification of its
peculiar needs and requirements, depends the normal development of
boyhood, of youth, of man--the entire destiny of human life. This
has been recognized by every educator, but never before so keenly
and clearly as by Froebel. Moreover, for Rousseau, early childhood
was looked upon as purely a physical stage, when education should
be purely negative. “Stand aside and let Nature herself work” was
his motto. But Froebel saw plenty of room here for human coöperation
with the working of Nature. Not “Stand aside,” but “Come, let us live
with and for our children,” was what he exclaimed (5: p. 89). He saw
that the school cannot do much with the spoiled and neglected child
sent from the imperfect home, and that the present home does not well
understand nor provide sufficiently for the nature and requirements
of the child’s soul as well as body. Thus he proclaimed: “All school
education was yet without a proper initial foundation, and that,
therefore, until the education of the nursery was reformed, nothing
solid and worthy could be attained” (2: p. 35). The kindergarten
movement was originally a movement for nursery reform. It was intended
to show mothers an ideal nursery, and also to supplement, where needed,
the work of the home. It is evident that he had a sort of education of
parents in view when he first started the kindergarten. “He repeated
this again and again,” Baroness von Marenholz-Bülow, the champion of
the kindergarten movement, tells us. “‘The destiny of nations lies far
more in the hands of women--the mothers--than in the possessors of
power, or of those innovators who for the most part do not understand
themselves. We must cultivate women who are the educators of the human
race, else the new generation cannot accomplish its task.’ This was
almost always the sum of his discourse” (14: p. 4). Certainly his
kindergarten was set as the model for mothers to copy in their homes.
We find the following passage in one of his letters:
“Let young women go there and see the development of child life going
on before their eyes, noticing and understanding the laws and working
of it.” “There is little hope for improvement until mothers will begin
to educate themselves. Let them attend kindergarten and study the
system themselves” (8: p. 64).
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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