21. +Strümpell, Ludwig H.+ Das System der Pädagogik Herbart’s. Part III. Pädagogische Abhandlungen. Dichert, Leipzig, 1894. 22. +Wiget, Theodor.+ Die formalen Stufen des Unterrichts; eine Einführung in die Schriften Zillers. Seventh edition. Rich, Chur., 1901. 117 pages. 23. +Ziegler, Theobald.+ Geschichte der Pädagogik mit besonderer Rücksicht auf das höhere Unterrichtswesen. Beck, München, 1895. 361 pages. CHAPTER X. HERBERT SPENCER (1820-1903) Spencer introduces no new ideas into the history of pedagogy. His treatise is little more than a new version of the Rousseauean and Pestalozzian ideas. But foreign ideas, as such, seldom penetrate the English soil, and the Anglo-Saxon mind naturally rebels against a man of Rousseau’s type. Thus the realistic, psychological tendencies in education which had been conquering the Continent needed their English translator. He was found in the person of the greatest English philosopher of the nineteenth century. What Rousseau grasped by the bold flight of his poetic genius, Spencer brought down to the earthly level by scientific evidence and arguments; what Pestalozzi uttered in the inspiration of his prophetic vision, Spencer reiterated in the words of common sense. Thus the Anglo-Saxon world listened to the messages of the two great continental prophets through the voice of the apostle of her own production. So it came about that the pedagogical stream which had taken its rise in the island empire through Bacon and Locke, and flowed out into the Continent, becoming ever deeper and deeper, now streamed back to its original source.