BILLING, ARCHIBALD (_son of Theodore Billing of Cromlyn, co. Dublin_). _b._ Cromlyn 10 Jany. 1791; ed. at Trin. coll. Dub., B.A. 1811, M.B. 1814, M.A. and M.D. 1818; incorporated M.D. at Oxford 22 Oct. 1818; physician in London 1818 to death; F.R.C.P. 22 Dec. 1819, Censor 1823, Consiliarius 1852 and 1855–57; the first in London to organise a system of practical teaching at the bedside and to give it full effect by regular clinical lectures; physician to London Hospital 2 July 1822 to 4 June 1845; member of senate of Univ. of London 1836 to death; F.R.S. 6 June 1844; author of _First principles of medicine_ 1831, _6 ed._ 1868; _On the treatment of Asiatic cholera_ 1848; _Practical observations on diseases of the lungs and heart_ 1852; _The science of gems, jewels, coins and medals_ 1867. _d._ 34 Park lane, London 2 Sep. 1881. _Medical Circular i_, 243–45 (1852), _portrait_; _I.L.N. lxxix_, 272 (1881), _portrait_; _Graphic xxiv_, 389 (1881), _portrait_. BILLING, RICHARD ANNESLEY. _b._ 1814; called to bar in Ireland Nov. 1839; practised at Dublin; admitted to bar at Melbourne 23 Oct. 1856; lecturer in law at Melbourne Univ.; Q.C. 1878; county court judge for western division of Victoria April 1882 to death. _d._ Melbourne 21 June 1882. BILLINGE, MARY (_dau. of Charles Billinge of Eccleston near Prescot_). _b._ Eccleston 6 Nov. 1772. _d._ Edge lane, Liverpool 20 Dec. 1863 aged 91, but generally reputed to be 112 and so recorded in the 26th report of the Registrar General. _W. J. Thoms’s Human longevity_ (1873) 34–37, 105–13. BILLINGS, ELKANAH (_2 son of Bradish Billings, of Gloucester near Ottawa, then called Bytown, farmer_). _b._ Gloucester 5 May 1820; ed. at Ottawa and Potsdam in state of New York; admitted attorney at Toronto 1844; called to bar at Toronto 1845; practised at Ottawa 1845–48, and at Renfrew 1849–52; edited the _Citizen_ paper at Ottawa 1852–55; palæontologist to Geological survey of Canada at Montreal 1 Aug. 1856 to death; visited Europe 1858; F.G.S. April 1858; published the _Canadian Naturalist_ Feb. 1856, edited the first vol. and wrote 55 out of the 63 papers in it; contributed to _Silliman’s Journal_; presented his fine collection of Star fishes, Cystideans and Crinoids to museum of Geological survey of Canada. _d._ Montreal 14 June 1876. _Canadian Naturalist viii_, 251–61 (1878); _Quarterly journal of Geol. Soc. xxxiii_, 48–50 (1877).