BIRKIN, RICHARD (_eld. son of Richard Birkin of Belper, calico weaver_). _b._ Belper 6 July 1805; lace manufacturer at New Basford, Nottingham with Mr. Biddle 1826–47; juror on behalf of Nottingham for lace goods in International Exhibitions 1851 and 1862; mayor of Nottingham 1850, 55, 62 and 63; used mohair as a material for lace being the first to do so either in England or France. _d._ Aspley hall, Radford, Nottingham 10 Oct. 1870. _J. B. Robinson’s Derbyshire gatherings_ (1866) 70–72, _portrait_; _W. Felkin’s History of hosiery_ (1867) 368–71. BIRKINSHAW, JOHN CASS. _b._ Bedlington iron works Durham 1811; the first articled pupil of Robert Stephenson at Newcastle; engineer of London end of London and Birmingham railway 1835; engineer of Birmingham and Derby railway 1837–42; engineer of many railways projected but not made; engineer of Danish land company 1865; M.I.C.E. 2 March 1847; took out a patent 1820 for wrought or malleable iron rails instead of cast iron as used up to that time. _d._ March 1867 in 56 year. _Min. of proc. of Instit. of C.E. xxxi_, 202–207 (1871). BIRKS, REV. THOMAS RAWSON (_younger son of Mr. Birks of Staveley, Derbyshire, farmer_). _b._ Staveley 28 Sep. 1810; ed. at Chesterfield, Mill Hill and Trin. coll. Cam., scholar, fellow 1834–44, 2 wrangler and 2 Smith’s prizemen Jany. 1834; R. of Kelshall, Herts 1844 to 1864; hon. sec. to Evangelical Alliance 1850–71; P.C. of Holy Trinity Cam. 1865–77; hon. canon of Ely cathedral 1871 to death; professor of moral theology, casuistical divinity and moral philosophy at Cambridge 30 April 1872 to death; published an edition of Paley’s _Horæ Paulinæ_ with notes and a supplementary treatise entitled _Horæ Apostolicæ_ 1850; author of _Horæ Evangelicæ_ 1852; _The Bible and modern thought_ 1861; _Commentary on the book of Isaiah_ 1871, _2 ed._ 1878; _First principles of moral science_ 1873; _Modern Utilitarianism_ 1874; _Supernatural revelation_ 1879 and many other books. _d._ 6 Salisbury villas, Cambridge 19 July 1883. _Record 27 July 1883 p._ 741. BIRLEY, HUGH. _b._ Blackburn 21 Oct. 1817; ed. at Winchester; a partner in firm of Macintosh and Co. india-rubber manufacturers; chairman of National educational union; M. P. for Manchester 1868 to death. _d._ Moorland, Withington, Manchester 9 Sep. 1883. BIRMINGHAM, JOHN. _b._ 1816; lived at Millbrook near Tuam; discovered a remarkable new star in Corona Borealis 12 May 1866; author of _Catalogue of red stars_ in _Transactions of Royal Irish Academy xxvi_, 249 (1879); Cunningham medallist of the Academy 1884; discovered 22 May 1881 a deep red star in Cygnus which proved strikingly variable and became known by his name; author of a small poetical work entitled _Anglicania or England’s mission to the Celt_ 1863. _d._ Millbrook 7 Sep. 1884.