There remain only for consideration the _genii_ of human beings, or
the attendant spirits to whom is committed in some way the guidance of
men’s lives. To some of them the name _genius_ (i.e. στοιχειό) would
hardly perhaps be extended by the peasants; but they all bear the same
kind of relation towards men, and may therefore conveniently be grouped
together for discussion.
The best example which I know of an acknowledged _genius_ attached to
a man is in a story in Hahn’s collection[766], which tells of an old
wizard whose life was bound up with that of a ten-headed snake which
lived beneath a threshing-floor. Here the monstrous nature of the
_genius_ is doubtless intended to match the character of the wizard;
ordinary men, unversed in magic, may have _genii_ of a less complex
pattern. Thus the snake which so commonly acts as _genius_ to a house
is also in many cases regarded as the _genius_ of the head or some
other member of the household. When therefore the death-struggle of any
person is prolonged, this is sometimes set down to the unwillingness of
the _genius_ to permit his death; and in extreme cases of protracted
agony recourse has before now been had to a priest, who, entering
the sick man’s room alone, reads a special prayer for the sufferer’s
release, and by virtue of this solemn office causes the house-snakes,
who are pagan _genii_, to burst[767]. With their disruption of course
the soul of the dying man is at once set free.
But the guardian spirits of whom the peasants most commonly speak
belong to the _personnel_ of Christian theology or demonology, and are
therefore not actually numbered among _genii._ These are angels, two
of whom are allotted to each man, the one good (ὁ καλὸς ἄγγελος) and
the other bad (ὁ κακὸς ἄγγελος). But though the designation _genius_ is
not applied to them, in functions angels and _genii_ do not differ. To
them belongs the control of a man’s life, the one guiding him in the
way of righteousness, and the other diverting him to the pitfalls of
vice. Their presence is ever constant, but seldom visible. Sometimes
indeed, in stories at any rate, we hear of the good angel appearing
to a man and rewarding him in his old age for a virtuous life[768];
and in general men born on Saturday, σαββατογεννημένοι, are reputed to
be ἀλαφροστοίχει̯ωτοι[769] and endowed with special powers of seeing
and dealing with the supernatural. But most commonly the power to
see the guardian angel is granted only to the dying, and the vision
is a warning that the end is near. So, when the gaze of a dying man
becomes abstracted and fixed, they say in some places βλέπει τὸν
ἄγγελό του, or in one word ἀγγελοθωρεῖ[770], ‘he sees his angel,’ or
again ἀγγελοσκιάζεται[771], ‘he is terrified of an angel.’ In these
expressions it is not clear which of the two angels is intended; but,
to judge from other expressions, popular belief recognises the activity
of the one or the other according to the peace or pain of the death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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