[226] According to Bent (_Cyclades_, p. 363) the object used thus in Naxos is a wax cross with the initial letters Ι. Χ. Ν. engraved upon it, and it still bears the old name ναῦλον, ‘fare.’ [227] Κωνστ. Κανελλάκης, Χιακὰ Ἀνάλεκτα, pp. 335 and 339. [228] Newton, _Travels and Discoveries in the Levant_, I. p. 212. The exact details of the custom in each place are given below, p. 406. [229] See below, pp. 433-4. [230] In Rhodes, according to Newton, _l.c._, the Christian symbol Ι. Χ. Ν. Κ. is combined with that to which I now come, the ‘pentacle.’ [231] Cf. Πολίτης, Παραδόσεις, I. 573, where it is said that in Myconos the symbol is sometimes carved on house doors to keep _vrykolakes_ (on which see below, cap. IV.) from troubling the inmates at night. [232] Cf. Lucian, ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἐν τῇ προσαγορεύσει πταίσματος, 5. [233] apud Pausan. x. 28. 1. [234] _e.g._ Eur. _Alc._ 252, 361, _Heracl._ 432, Arist. _Ran._ 184 ff., _Lysistr._ 606, _Plut._ 278. [235] Suidas s.v. [236] Pollux, 8, 102. [237] Pollux, 4, 132. [238] Strabo, 579. [239] _Ibid._ 636 [240] _Ibid._ 649. [241] Plut. _Anton._ 16. [242] Χάρων θάνατος, s.v. [243] Eur. _Alc._ 48, 49. [244] _Ibid._ 74-6. [245] _Ibid._ 1141-2. [246] _Ibid._ 50. [247] Codex Vaticanus, no. 909. Cf. Schmidt, _das Volksleben_, p. 223, whence the majority of these references are borrowed. [248] VII. 603 and 671; XI. 133. Cf. Schmidt, _l.c._ [249] s.v. [250] Gerhard, _die Gottheiten der Etrusker_, p. 56; Müller, _die Etrusker_, II. 102. [251] Ambrosch, _de Charonte Etrusco_, pp. 2, 3. [252] _Ibid._ p. 8. [253] _Ibid._ pp. 4-7; and Maury in _Revue Archéologique_, I. 665, and IV. 791. [254] _Annuaire de l’Association pour l’encouragement des études grecques en France_, no. VIII. (1874), p. 392 ff. [255] Both fortifications and well are actual features of Acro-Corinth up to the present day. [256] Pausan. I. 37, _ad fin._; Perrot, _l.c._ Cf. Frazer, _Pausanias_, II. 497. [257] _Märchen_ etc. _Introduction_, p. 35. [258] Cf. Bursian, _Geographie von Griechenland_, II. p. 17. [259] Vréto, _Mélange Néo-hellenique_. [260] Schmidt, _Märchen_ etc. nos. 16-18. [261] _Ibid._ p. 113 (note 2). [262] See below, p. 165. [263] _Orph. Hymns_, 57 (58), 2. [264] _Orph. Hymns_, 55, 8. μήτερ ἐρώτων. For representations in ancient art of many ἔρωτες, cf. Philostr. _Eikones_, p. 383 (770). [265] See above, p. 57. [266] Tzetzes, _Schol. on Lycophron_, 406. [267] Pausan. _I._ 19. 2. Cf. _C. I. G._ no. 1444, and Orph. Hymn, 55 (54), 4. [268] Apparently the old subterranean passage by which competitors entered the stadium. [269] Mentioned by Pouqueville, _Voyage en Grèce_, V. p. 67, and confirmed by many other writers. [270] Pausan. X. 38. 6. [271] Pouqueville, _op. cit._ IV. p. 46. [272] Καμπούρογλου, Ἱστορία τῶν Ἀθηναίων, I. p. 222, III. p. 156. Πολίτης, Μελέτη κ.τ.λ. p. 227. [273] Dodwell, _Tour through Greece_, I. 397. [274] Πολίτης, _l.c._ [275] _l.c._