Thus, a grain of sand is buoyant in wind, but a large stone is not;
and pebbles and sand are buoyant in water in proportion to their
smallness, fine dust taking long to sink, while a large stone sinks
at once. Thus, we see that water may be arranged in drops of any
magnitude, from the largest rain-drop, about the size of a large pea,
to an atom so small as not to be separately visible, the smallest
rain passing gradually into mist. Of these drops of different sizes
(supposing the strength of the wind the same), the largest fall
fastest, the smaller drops are more buoyant, and the small misty rain
floats about like a cloud, as often up as down, so that an umbrella
is useless in it; though in a heavy thunder-storm, if there is no
wind, one may stand gathered up under an umbrella without a drop
touching the feet.
Secondly, buoyancy depends on the amount of surface which a given
weight of the substance exposes to the resistance of the substance it
floats in. Thus, gold-leaf is in a high degree buoyant, while the
same quantity of gold in a compact grain would fall like a shot; and
a feather is buoyant, though the same quantity of animal matter in a
compact form would be as heavy as a little stone. A slate blows far
from a house-top, while a brick falls vertically, or nearly so.
[2] There is a beautiful passage in _Sartor Resartus_ concerning this
old Hebrew scroll, in its deeper meanings, and the child's watching
it, though long illegible for him, yet "with an eye to the gilding."
It signifies in a word or two nearly all that is to be said about
clouds.
CHAPTER II.
THE CLOUD-FLOCKS.
§ 1. From the tenor of the foregoing chapter, the reader will, I hope,
be prepared to find me, though dogmatic (it is said) upon some
occasions, anything rather than dogmatic respecting clouds. I will
assume nothing concerning them, beyond the simple fact, that as a
floating sediment forms in a saturated liquid, vapor forms in the body
of the air; and all that I want the reader to be clear about in the
outset is that this vapor floats in and with the wind (as, if you throw
any thick coloring matter into a river, it floats with the stream), and
that it is not blown before a denser volume of the wind, as a fleece of
wool would be.
§ 2. At whatever height they form, clouds may be broadly considered as
of two species only, massive and striated. I cannot find a better word
than massive, though it is not a good one, for I mean it only to signify
a fleecy arrangement in which no _lines_ are visible. The fleece may be
so bright as to look like flying thistle-down, or so diffused as to show
no visible outline at all. Still if it is all of one common texture,
like a handful of wool, or a wreath of smoke, I call it massive.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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