The types of vessels that were built during the war were selected for special purposes. The effort was made to multiply ships as rapidly as possible to blockade the coast and to enter shoal harbors; the “ninety-day gun-boats” and the “double-enders” were added to the navy list, and merchant-steamers were purchased, and were armed with such batteries as their scantling would bear. All of these vessels have disappeared, with the exception of the _Tallapoosa_. The _Juniata_ and _Ossipee_, of the _Kearsarge_ type, but of greater displacement, were launched in 1862, and are still in service; and at about the close of the war several vessels of large displacement and great speed were launched which were never taken into service, have been disposed of since, and form no part of our present navy. The _New Ironsides_ and the _Monitor_ represented the two features of construction which, produced in that period of emergency, have continued to impress naval architecture. [Illustration: U. S. IRON-CLAD “NEW IRONSIDES.”] As a sea-going iron-clad the _New Ironsides_ was, for the time and service required, a success. She was built at the yard of Mr. Cramp, in Philadelphia, in 1862. Her length was 230 feet, beam 56 feet, draught of water 15 feet. She had a displacement of 4015 tons, and attained a speed of six knots per hour with an indicated horse-power of 700. The capacity of the coal-bunkers was 350 tons. Her battery consisted of twenty 11-inch smooth-bore guns. She was built of wood, and was covered with armor four inches in thickness, which, with the inclination given to her sides, made her impervious to the artillery that was used against her during the war. In one engagement with the batteries on Sullivan’s Island, Charleston Harbor, lasting three hours, she was struck seventy times, but at the end of the action, except some damage to a port shutter or two, she withdrew in as perfect fighting condition as when the fight commenced. This ship does not appear on the navy list, as she was destroyed by fire off the navy-yard at League Island, Pennsylvania. The _Monitor_ was, without doubt, the most remarkable production of the constructive art that appeared during the war. The original _Monitor_ was lost at sea, but our illustration presents the _Passaic_ class of Monitors, which quickly followed the original of this type. [Illustration: U. S. MONITOR “PASSAIC.”]