Modern thinkers and present problems : $b an approach to modern philosophy through its historySinger, Edgar A. (Edgar Arthur)
Philosophy
Modern thinkers and present problems : $b an approach to modern philosophy through its history
Singer, Edgar A. (Edgar Arthur)
Philosophers; Philosophy -- History
For example, when desire is for the love of a woman, it is for the
love of _this_ woman, not of _some_ woman. Ask such love what it sees
to love in this individual that could not just as well be found in
another, and the lover will laugh you out. You are not speaking his
language. You are looking for qualities, types, principles--what he
wants with all his soul is not a kind of a woman but just _his_ woman.
And to her he sings,
Who is it says the most? which can say more
Than this rich praise,--that you alone are you?
Or do you ask as the thing on which all your happiness hangs that death
keep his hands off just this child? Then what meaning would it have for
you if a condoling friend were to point out that you had other children
far more remarkable? It was not for his qualities you cared when
you cared for him, nor yet for his value as a unit in counting your
offspring.
I don’t pretend to explain why this is, or what it all means;[5]
but when Kant maintains that to will a principle and nothing but a
principle is not what we mean by willing, these instances of objects
of desire that are purely individual and can not be reduced to
principle naturally present themselves as facts of experience that may
help us to catch Kant’s meaning.
Of all principles of willing, the moral principle is the highest; but
the willing of individual human beings cannot from its very nature be
completely defined by principle. The only world in which will can have
an object; _i.e._, the only world in which there can be such a thing
as will, must be a world of individual things. If it is to be a moral
world, it must be possible to struggle for these individual things
without disobeying the law of duty.
Happiness, defined as getting the individual thing you want, must
be guaranteed, or else, since you can only want something that is
individual, willing is objectless. Who or what is to guarantee that
the world in which we willers of concrete things may will consistently
with moral principle exists? Not experience, surely; that has a way of
arranging things so that the woman one wants is just the one principle
denies one; the child one has set one’s heart on is just the one death
has set his seal on. The chapter of “life’s little ironies” is a full
one. Then does it not require the guarantee of a world maker or a world
ruler that life’s indifference or irony have not the last word? Does
not the possibility of a moral will hang upon the assurance of God? So
at least for Kant, God makes goodness possible.
* * * * *
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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