Let us now gather up the salient decisions which we have reached in all our past investigation. We have discovered that a great industrial revolution is in progress, by which manufacturing, mining, and transportation to a very great extent, and other industries to a considerable extent, have been and are being concentrated in the hands of a very few competitors. We have found that by the laws of competition this reduction in the number of competitors greatly increases the intensity of competition and the resulting waste and instability of price, and finally brings monopoly into existence. This monopoly we have determined to be a serious infringement on the rights of the people, and we have found that the losses due to intense competition and the fruitless attempts to defeat monopoly by adding new competing units have wasted the wealth of the nation in uncounted millions. We are now to consider the remedies proposed for these evils. The most obvious remedy for monopoly, and the one which has been tried and persevered in with the most remarkable faith, is _the creation of new competitors_. Does a railroad monopoly oppress us? Build a competing line. Is the gas company of our city charging us $3 per thousand for gas which cost but 50 cents to produce and deliver? Let us start another gas company and tear up all our pavements again to lay its mains. Has the sugar trust put up the price of sugar two cents per pound? Well, "sugar can be produced anywhere by the expenditure of labor and capital," the Trust's lawyers say, and so _we_ will "trust" that some enterprising manufacturer will take the field against the combination. But if we do any of these things, we have added only _one_ competitor to the number in the field. And with only _two_ competitors in the field, competition is sure to be so _intense_ and _wasteful_ that the formation of a new monopoly is a matter of but a short time.